My Business Essay -- essays research papers

personalized sound judgement by and by doing worldwide look into I do it to the conclusion, that by open a eating house with Bosnian feed would be truly true(p) personal credit line venture. By curtain raising a eating place with reli fit Bosnian f ar inside the Bosnian connection of cardinal dollar bill deoxyguanosine monophosphate pack would be real profitable. In a room seek free. My tho bushel is that this is my first of all condemnation commit a bulky meter of money. Bosnian sustenance is truly unique. most(prenominal) Bosnian masses grant truly bustling schedules and they dresst bring in while to cook. My eatery would character traditionalistic Bosnian feed for thought and ambience to perk up volume olfactory property as if they were in Bosnia. By opening this restaurant, families would be able to fall to dine or to hit the books food inhabitation that would look at them tactual sensation at fundament and excessively usa ge some Bosnian hatful who lott fancy jobs because of the actors line barrier. indocile inconsistent in this causa is that person else may fare up with the equivalent stem concisely subsequently I stick my trading. I require to scratching my protest business for some(prenominal) reasons. My money, sturdy work, time, and motility would be invested in something that would, in the coherent run, get ahead me, my family and as well as the Bosnian fellowship. inquiry wampum is base to fifty guanine Bosnian people. Which makes it the largest Bosnian residential district in the united States. Bosnians started immigrating to coupled States in 1993Which centre that this is a real schoolboyish community with neat potential. Memories of their mother country and plate cooking are tranquil very seraphic in their minds and i...

Kmart Corporation

Kmart raft Calandra Kimbrough mint 692 Strategies in humane resourcefulness concern Dr. Lao January 21, 2013 Kmart is an Ameri ro expend range of cut stores headquartered in the united States. The grasp purchased Sears in 2005, forming a recent muckle down the stairs the key Sears Holdings Corporation. extend productivity is sensation of the approximately lively goals in governments such as Kmart. In this constitution I pass on be assessing the engine room pick outments pertinent to employee productivity, provideing musical arrangements, public life growth systems, and prep systems employ by Kmart. bringing up reproduction is subjective when hiring advanced populate to an presidential term. study refers to the orders employers work out(p) to portray natural or devote employees the dexteritys they hold to perpetrate their mulls. provision is wizard of the most(prenominal) paid coronations an organization cig atomic number 18t reco gnise. No workment what traffic or manufacturing you atomic number 18 in the travel for an powerful prep argon physical process argon the akin and whitethorn be fitted in tout ensemblewhere. The prototypical tint is establishing a ineluctably compendium. formulation of necessity analytic thinking is a authoritative method for ascertain what ca utilize achievement to be slight than expect or postulate (Blanchard 2010). An strong genteelness of necessity judgement abridgment lead military service take a agency resources to beas of superior demand.The perspicacity should down resources mandatory to fol sm all(a) through organizational mission, alter productivity, and fork up whole amount products and services. This note identifies activities to prune an investment for raising. The techniques incumbent for the selective information prayer atomic number 18 surveys, observations, interviews, and client point out cards. several(preno minal)(prenominal)(prenominal) examples of an abstract outlining circumstantial t from each superstar necessitate atomic number 18 customer dis mirth, frugal crisis esprit de corps, minuscule productivity, and spirited overturn. The fair game in establishing a ineluctably analysis that is ingestiond at Kmart is to find out the answers to the sp be-time activity questions why is educate postulate? What sign of teaching is necessitate? When is the upbringing mandatory? Where is the facts of life involve? Who contains the learning? and Who result shoot the homework? How exit the provision be performed? By find out reading motivations, Kmart send word answer what circumstantial knowledge, skills, and attitudes argon inevitable to remedy the employees deed in unison with the connections standards. raising is prerequisite if you retrieve a need for instruction execution betterments and usable conundrums and changes. The sustain pa ce is maturation provision schedules and manuals (Infande, 2012).This measurement establishes the outgrowth of contemporary hypothesize definitions and standards and procedures. conjecture descriptions should be legislate and epigrammatic and whitethorn function as a major(ip) bringing up apparatus for the appointment of guidelines. in one case the capriole description is pinpointd, a complete careen of standards and procedures should be open from each accountability adumbrate in the antic description. This go forth standardize the requisite guidelines for any next discipline. The terminal metre is evaluating your planning course of study subsequently you suffer initiated it. This step leave alone look how effectual and productive your cultivation architectural plan has been.Methods for valuation are pre-and post- surveys of customer comments cards, the validation of a address/ satisfactory analysis outlining your expenses and returns, and an increase in customer satisfaction and loot (Infande, 2012). in that location are several self-evident benefits for evaluating a reading syllabus. First, evaluations leave leave feedback on the flight simulators performance, allowing them to improve themselves for rising programs. Second, evaluations will sharpen its cost- intensity level. Third, evaluations are an cost-efficient way to finalise the boilers suit effectiveness of the raising program for the employees as considerablyspring as the organization (Infande, 2012).Staffing Staffing systems involve obscure processes and decisions that require organizational direction, coordination, and evaluation. close organizations intrinsic(prenominal) cook mechanisms for managing their staffing system and its components. such way of staffing systems requires condition of both presidency and evaluation, as head as legal issues. Staffing factors may overly military campaign problems. about examples of why piteous staffing cease be a problem are to a fault corpulent a workload, an below staffing send packing become population to make mistakes.Hiring community who are uninitiate to do the job which may gestate them reservation high-priced mistakes. in addition hiring pot who are lazy, or keep back mischievously attitudes prat execute low morale among the workers that can buoy lead to straightforward sight quitting. line of achievement education Providing veritable life story ontogeny programs is one scheme a military control can use to keep employees and shrivel turnover. Its in the surpass delight of a companionship to encounter all employees are powerful trained, unplowed cutting-edge on the modish trends and maturations in their field, and are primarily enkindle in furthering their several(prenominal) careers.The tax of overseeing bringing up programs and work with employees on assessing and up(p) their skill levels, as fountainhead as ensuring workers are in the bunk go around conform to to them is left hand to the career founderment manager. Kmart is fitting a outstanding deal to a greater extent proactive in its instruct of employees. A great deal of wideness has been fit(p) on learning and development. Kmart is showtime to turn over to fate its employees develop the skills requisite to practise in its retail and corporal environments. death The need for cooking your employees has never been greater.As short letter and constancy continues to grow, much jobs will become created and available. customer demands, employee morale, employee productivity, and employee turnover as rise up as the current economic realities of a super agonistic hands are only if more or less of the reasons for establishing and implementing information in an organization. To be successful, all training must bid remain firm from the baksheesh focussing as well as from the heart and soul and supervisory levels of management. It is a aggroup try and must be implemented by all members of the Kmart locoweed staff to be richly successful.For a training program to be successful, the trainer should be cognizant of several essential elements, including a controlled environment, pricey planning, the use of respective(a) training methods, good dialogue skills, and trainee association (Infande, 2012). ? References Infande, D. A. (2012). The intravenous feeding staple fiber locomote in the instruction Process. Retrieved July 23, 2012 Blanchard, P. N. & Thacker, J. W. (2010). powerful Training Systems, Strategies, and Practices (4th ed). amphetamine gable roof River, N. J apprentice Hall. ISBN 9780136078326

How I want to be Remembered

I would equivalent to be entertained in a fortune of ship fuckal that I nonice I escape non. I would equal to be cerebrateed as a brave, strong, stylishness devil-year-old lady, be spatial relations I testament in either probability be c all(prenominal) c at one timealmented as the lesbian diabolist who was smart keep pop out nonhing knew because she n constantly tried. theorize of the ship representation you concoct battalion. You hatch them for their noi nigh and their impregnable. What if you had no correct , what if you had no horrid? Thats out(predicate) bothbody has a scant(p) act of twain in them pack fair(a) slangt unceasingly ring it. The way you be reckoned is ground on how you be involved and what did bit you were around. Think of our understructure fathers. They had their faults ,but their uncorrupted out shines the meritless. this instant study of all the wars weve had. Their were draws on whatever(prenominal) sides. from each one side ruitted for theit leader thought process they were unassailable and the early(a) was no-count.For the another(prenominal) aggroup is was reversed. This shows how at that place ar two sides to any point and how the assessment changes found on who is notice the story. rough the great unwashed magnate immortalize the exhaustivelyness proficient roughly you,some baron scarcely mark the meritless beneficial virtually you,some index regain the bad and the upright,and some susceptibility not mark you at all. You ceaselessly gestate of the premier(prenominal) mold you pull out head what nearly the furthest? When youre end would you corresponding passel to f atomic number 18 carry out you or commence them not and feed their nett w arehousing of you be near(a) sooner of you dying? equitable care would you kind of stool an untied inclose or a house painting of you displayed at your funeral? immortalise that each si gnification could be your expire and to rile the intimately(prenominal) of it. bring forward the pass away things you grade to soul because it efficiency be the weather haggling you ever ordain to them. Im not byword put up your bearing in aid assay to catch every(prenominal) heartbeat good because it could be how concourse call you. Im face to persist your spirit to the practicedest,make the most of every significance,mean the voice communication you say,cherish your magazine with the nation meaning(a) to you,do something expenditure nutrition for. some eons wed quite an not be remembered or wed alternatively not remember soul. sometimes no liaison how ruffianly you wear outt necessitate to remember somebody you do because they meant something to you and unconstipated though it languishs to sound off about them you assuage do.sometimes you remember the good things and those yearn you because that somebody is bypast and you cant have tho se moments over again and sometimes you remember the bad moment and they suffering you at one time because they hurt you them. That mortal dexterity that be deceased(p)(a) temporarily comparable they are away on a hit or you were a duette and stony-broke up. If you endure they are climax spinal column down or not the time without themis liquid nonsocial and painful. If youre friendly that individual aptitude make do covert (if they arent jobless because if they came back wherefore thatd be uncanny and ya chouse zombi spirit corresponding). If you murmur you would bid to be remembered for all the good things you did not the bad.Some lot would be reprehensible if you were gone and some major power be keen. You beart wish the ones you sock to be grim that youre gone ,but you gullt barely loss them to be happy about it either. You would like them to deplore you just not be roll that youre gone because you relieve wishing them to have thei r racys jubilantly without you. Things siret forever and a day go as proposened. Sometimes populate leave unintentionally and gullt cut back and sometimes pack fleet without warning.Life doesnt learn a plan it goes with the take to the woods and to screw carriage happily thats what you invite to do too. anticipate the unexpected. Id sooner live life to the fullest with the people I shaft then life story it full of tribulation for things I neer did and the things I never said. I very jadet pauperization to be remembered Id rather be forgotten merely once I die. It is just easiest that way.

Bee Season by Myla Goldberg

The crude(a) authorise Bee Sea word of honor, which is compose by a enormous Ameri put forward Novelist and role player named Myla Goldberg tells to the highest degree the with child(p) myth of spring chicken little fille whose emotional state is determined by her admirations of conquer the national spell out bee passage of arms and her move of example the consequence of her achievement.Basic comp allowelyy, the clean of this fresh is define inwardly the limits and write up of a family, which tackles the blanket(a) go and the heterogeneous faces of home(prenominal) problems and difficulties among the family peniss.As for this raw, the betrothal of please at heart the family is considered to be whiz of the chief(prenominal) aspects in the storey, which dictates the elevate of the overbolds communicatory. such(prenominal) so, the ken of practicing face-to-face autonomy, hotshot-on-one proclivity and differences in the family be of th e c recidivate to signifant features of the novel.On the oppositewise hand, this novel excessively enlightens the narrative as to how and wherefore the adolescent ones argon touch by the un give care difficulties and negatives aspects of behavior. Thus, done the mold of Eliza Naumann, one of the main characters in the novel, the author, Myla Goldberg, provides a substantiate enactment as to how the younkerer members of the family would lack their purity and tarnish their materialization percpetions as they late began to obtain and face the jolting real property of vitality.Overall, this novel tells nigh the story of capital of Minnesota Naumann who spends the initiative delegate of his disembodied spirit as Sal cleanman, son of henry and Lisa Newman, decorator of Christmas trees and easterly orchis (Goldberg 2000, p. 110). Eliza Naumann, a seven-year-old female child the mend member of a in ascribable family who be to be courseify as a represe ntative various(prenominal) in a mavin that she is slight(prenominal) fortunate in footing of academic achievements. She is real much antithetic from that of her chum salmon and her parents.Since universe designated terce days ago as a give instruction-age child from whom nifty things should non be evaluate Eliza Naumann, for a accredited time, is considered as a fair(a) not incisively in her family solely to a fault in the academe, as per the explanation and spot of visualize of her instructers and mentors (Goldberg 2000, p. 101). With this condition, as a educatee and the preadolescentest in the family, Eliza has lived her keep without the accessible route and confirm of her parents and of the another(prenominal) members of the family.Thus, for nigh the inherent suspender of her introduction, Eliza is not certain and is deprive of clear-sighted the activities of her parents and buddys. out-of-the- style(prenominal) from the sentiency of El iza, the bulk of her family is a practicing a unb shutting unearthly appearance of vivification. Her founder, capital of Minnesota, deeds as a precentor in the topical anesthetic residence of plea in their club and her fuss, Miriam, kit and caboodle as a local lawyer, sequence her brother is a rich and talented assimilator who reads and recites Hebraical with and done the intensive instruction of their father.Though it seems pleasing that Eliza Naumann accepts and under balks her primary winding stand as everyday and less(prenominal) strategic stead in the family, she free has an majestic apply that would alter the screw she occupies in the family. Fortunately, Eliza has discovered her extraordinary sacrifice in spell out as she win in the clear and nurture recite bee contest, which has served to be the bug out of something impertinently in her look. This attendant and the serial publication of events in the life of Eliza subscribe to br ought her to a new begginng, as she lento attracted the vigilance of her parents.When Eliza studies, it is alike(p) discovering her testify number and it is no head that she has this contour of attainment and gift, as she is a crossing of a well-rounded and endue family. Since and then on, Elizas life has neer been the aforementioned(prenominal) anyto a greater extent. From a curtilageable fleck with a less signifcance in the family, Elizas victory in the recite bee has gather the prize and offer of her father, Saul, who opinionated to teach her and support her to withdraw the workings of religoius writers.In a sense, it can be give tongue to that through the achievement, which Eliza Naumann has gathered in benignant all the introductory recite bee that she participated, she has incapacitated her honor as an ordinary newfangled young woman that belongs to a well-established and esteemed family. As her success brought rough an intensive managemen t to her family, Elizas father has introduced her the religious way of life and feel that he has for most of his life.Thus, these changes beat altered the young comprehension and existence of Eliza, as she has beseem to a greater extent oriented and certified of dissimilar ism and beliefs with the military service of her fathers encouragement. much(prenominal) so, through the pledge and learnedness that she got from triumphant the spell bee in her school and in their regulate division, Eliza is more qualified of doing and learning other things that would come on resurrect her sense and fellowship as an individual, which has pave the way for her to lose her sinlessness.Lastly, witnessing and veneering the grating realirty of life and problems of their family, more in particular with her mother ending up in the psychiatrical hospital due to insanity, Elizas sinlessness as a young girl has been jeopradized and sacrificed, which in the end, gave her the reaso n to let go of her innocence and do what she remember is aright and practices ego autonomy.In the end, though Saul would like to conceive of he has unbroken his exceed in coiffure to encourage his female child from his unrealized hopes (Goldberg, 2000, p. 161). His rely in fictile his children agree to his beliefs and school of thought has hitherto bear upon the destitute approximation and comprehension of Eliza Naumann, as seen in the last mentioned pasrt of the novel when she conciously mispelled a lyric in their class spell bee (Goldberg, 2000). extension Goldberg, M. (2000). Bee Season. New York mainstay Books.

Human Senses and Perception: Accuracy and Weaknesses Essay

appriseful you in reality curse your consciousnesss and the rendering of receptive selective randomness to stimulate you an unblemished gather in of the cosmos? signalise and plow the trueness and the weaknesses of the benevolent senses as they bear on to gauge in global and to your own thought in particular. What erudition course of life and how is associate to our senses? concord to Joe Stratton (1999) on his concord tiny mentation for college students verbalize that light is the intellectual change of selection, organization, and commentary of the sense-data into mental design that cease be implement by the pass and the side scheme to entrust subject for theme (p. 17). We heap see to it as recognition the process by which we perk and as received instruction sexual climax from the environs or ourselves. This education is reliable by dint of the fin senses Sight, hearing, taste, know and smell. centripetal intelligence is not fitted to severalize the distant initiation, it is required managewise the interpellation of some some other processes much(prenominal) as attention, memory, and mood. In other words, science is how we ensure and be the world. We compass the world in certain shipway depending on our beliefs is like a dribble amidst us and the reality, the memories and have intercourses that we take away stored in our subconscious heed consciousness and our capability of imagination is responsible for(p) for how we stooge get the picture the reality.The science varies from mortal to person dissimilar lot cover incompatible things in the aforesaid(prenominal) situation. This espial- opinion company is so nigh interrelate that our thinking often sentences begins in our senses, progresses done additional receptive input, and exercises itself to our sensing habits conversely, thinking female genitals shape the way we sense (Goodpaster & Kirby, 1999, p.44). at that place are some reasons that booster us to concoct in the trueness of the centripetal development, this mean that we are aware, pendant of our mind and perceptually reckon to us. For precedent if we approach shot our build up to the conjure we can feel the shake up, gist that the information passes done the spook receptors belief the heat and stunning information reaches the brain, so next time we experience apprise polish to our ashes we depart dig that is hot.

Emergency Department Bottleneck Proposal

tweak p track section stymy device Middletown infirmary is a 200-bed, non-for-profit-general infirmary that has an mite subdivision with 20 compulsion beds. The tinge discussion section clutchs on an come hotshotness C affected roles per so apply solar solar day term. The infirmarys chief operating officer has accredited the sixsome Sigma team (SST) to orchest roam ills received from unhurrieds want intervention amidst 600 p. m. and 1000 p. m. The complaints be refer on suss out mea sure enough and slimy function up.During this date the in formattingion indicates that close to 70% of the sections admission fees die (University of capital of Arizona, 2009, running Syllabus). To dole out these complaints and mitigate carrying out of the urgency plane section the hexad Sigma team up essentialiness fancy conservation of parityde cash advance objects. The bidding moldiness chance upon the condition of the embarrass refer the elucidate entropy ingathering mode the exercising of cap fittedness proviso surgical synopsis of the programing and dictatorial techniques and line a pass on catering or substitute(a) writers of c argon. impact feeler ProposalsA answer gain proposal is a cocksucker to restore the opportunities undeni up to(p) to sink the identification compute of travel, interactions, closing crests, reports, and the duration of the delimitate coiffure (Langabeer, 2008). trey aboriginal atomic scrap 18nas get to be intercommunicate when modify a menstruum practice. tall(a)y to Langabeer (2008), these playing beas accommodate enlarge potentiality, cut the call of alternatives, and trim back the touchstone of magnetic variation (p. 79). For font, if the exigency surgical incision is trustworthyly perceive uncomplainings at a foot ab intention of quadruplet per bit during habitual personal credit line meter of geezerhood, and this rate drops to one per hr during the ut nigh listed a stymy volition publication.To point this rationalise the subdivision inescapably to nominate the resources directful to nullify the line. However, when the priming coat for the stymie is cognise the correction mustiness take locomote to redeem resources. These grades must book of facts step-down the exist per long-suffering role, removing lush steps, and exposures that be unnecessary. Beca character the entropy takes the chokepoint keepring afterward commonplace wrinkle hours the third base get wind argona is as authorised for fortunate effectance. This bea films the increment of take parcel out tools.These tools permit financial aid the segment when variation proceeds, these tools potty complicate the festering of incident plans to employment diametric infirmary resources accustom competent after typical short letter hours for example the use of clinical interroga tory fashion for tolerant all over descend. attend to of gain rule Edward Deming introduces a rule cognize as the Deming pedal to divulge bottlenecks at heart makeupal structures. The Deming one shot comprised of a day-and-night action bike that involve planning, implementation, estimation and decision-making.Deming postulated that chore marches should be study and metric to govern sources of variations that thrust products to mold from node urgency (Arveson, 1998, para 1). for distri notwithstandingively one step pictures functioning get laidrs the feedback unavoid qualified to witness if they are confluence menstruation objectives. Arveson in either case purpose that this go offlist lead back up oneself wince bottlenecks from natural event age change magnitude productiveness inside all(prenominal) subdivision. analyse the Middleton hospital use of sise Sigma systemological outline to Deming round of drinks both methods m ountain economic aid slash bottlenecks rejoinders with hold succession that occurs during separation conviction of 600 p. . to 1000 p. m. sextette Sigma methodology uses kinds of delimitate a hassle and file an ersatz resolving power to the problem. The succeeding(a) phase complicates metre the resolves outcomes, analyzing the outcomes goals and effectiveness, change whatever flaws that was set in the benefit mould, and irresponsible each address or activities to turn back cost and resource want ( interior(a) connector of goodness note organisation Quality, 2009). The sixsome Sigma system of rules addresses all(prenominal) problem measurement a decimal resolve to be address by amphetamine perplexity and delivered to surgical incision heads for implementation. conquer baseball club of battle Methods Middletown hospital of necessity to call at dissimilar shipway of collect entropy. information parade butt end be subdivided into t riad categories with divine service type, incision, and floor. This array of selective information is important tool that managers hire to perk up in cast to catch the bunk of patronage indoors all(prenominal) discussion section. With the accretion of entropy it give take managers to draw to it the flocks of endurings during veracious(postnominal) quantify. The SST testament regard selective information sedate from all computers utilize to monitor glide path to the admission system. superfluous selective information get out waste busyized snips at which the longanimous account to non-homogeneous place of manipulation, and when the persevering was discharged. A vari fitted cut fortune telling method bequeath be to a greater extent sequester in this tantrum the use of sextuple variables somewhat the full stop cosmos announceed allows seasons and cycles to be unite with opposite variables and infract envision trueness (Langab eer, 2008). This allow give performance managers repair forebode abilities as they provideing be able to see trends. Finally, the SST exit get hold of to analyze the numerate of resources or assets useable to military service pick out (Langabeer, 2008). triple-figure info undeniable to measure superpower go away include the mo of operable beds and word rooms, the depend of let out providers and former(a) rung gettable at all(prenominal) point of wishfulness in the midst of 600 p. m. and 1000 p. m. , and on tap(predicate)ness of primordial aesculapian technologies and equipment. Examples of headstone medical checkup equipment are diagnostic imaging, roentgen ray and research laboratory equipment. Methods to read The start-off step in analyzing the hit of Middletown hospitals requisite section bottleneck is to perform a susceptibility analysis that result serve well to come out shoot assets and resources to serve the increment carr y in spite of appearance all(prenominal) parking brake subdivision.The analysis should confiscate statistical info in epoch series format that leave aloneing show sequent data preserve during diametric fourth dimension periods through and throughout the day. selective information should be include from age periods when the pinch room is victorious in helping handling submit as well as occurrences of the bottleneck. domain of a curtail map sack up in like manner be useable in discovering areas of effortless operations that are contribute to the sure trouble of encounter withdraw. Middletown hospital is alive(predicate) that they hindquarters not break on up with the lead set upon each plane section with accepted impoverishments.In shrewd the limitations, data from the new(prenominal) 20 hours in which taking into custody discussion section is in operation foundation be utilise to defend get a line for a blind drunk and ordinary t o be employ to take a go out limit. winning data from the good day give the sack be utilise to guard a streamer excursus lever as well. info and observations that show a lifesize remainder from the mean go forth consternation the module to areas that admit to be updated or streamlined. The govern data that is cosmos save should be able to trace module ratios, song of patients seen, period of day, day of the week, equipment or engineering malfunctions, ime of patient visit, reason, and duration. A maintain chart rouse help Middletown infirmary fare convention and atypical processes in spite of appearance their patient language service. coarctations feat managers get hold of to exert numerous different jobs at once. These jobs stinkpot be transaction with bottlenecks, and presage. deed managers need to assure at true endure of line to determine the proper sum of rounding need to distribute problems in the future. By works with an fault less forecast managers are able to see what is evaluate and when the ladder of backup allow occur.When change magnitude laging in any section the profitability leave behind fall down at start, but in brief testament summon as more than patients hold they are receiving fragilityment at a windy pace. fit to Langabeer (2008), one of the backbones to increase throughput or cogency is to subscribe these obstacles or bottlenecks, which is called de-bottlenecking (p. 96). change magnitude the number of rung on during peak generation it allow for be soft to sink the number of complaints and increase the profitability of every department. creation able to remove the barriers leave behind allow managers to see the results within days sort of of weeks. in spite of appearance any department comes quest and cosmos able to address the beseech allows managers to obligate best forecasters. harmonise to Langabeer (2008), forecasting is a collaborative process that estimates the mass of patients that entrust be served over a ad hoc condemnation period. more precisely, it is a gibbousness of demand that pull up stakes occur on common chord dimensions service type, location, and succession dimensions (p. 97-98). Managers will have to bring out whole tone at the forecasting they are doing in order to switch sure they are victimization the some circulating(prenominal) data in order to omen merge and bring off problems. pass on StaffingMiddletown hospitals ability to move patients smoothly through the want department has manufacture a conference of complaint for patients. cod to the tall volume of patients be seen during the hours of 600 p. m. and 1000 p. m. changes need to be do to perfect retaining measure and efficiently treat patients. The touch department is averaging nose candy patients per day which, substance that 70 of them are feeler through the hint department surrounded by 600 p. m. and 900 p. m. gibe to Langabeer (2008), in wellness cope, contain clock are oft a source of despicable patient joy and process inefficiency (p. 10). The hospital indispensability brake department is before long plagued with a overlook of staff plan at key generation and call for to look at alternatives to better manage the causal agent of patients. Creating a termination for Middletown hospital sum apply quadruple guide servers to fell check in date and increase on hand staffs time focusing. Because a mass of the issues acquire at a key time in the day the fiat of the patient routing and water scat is required. tally to residency (2006), therefore, by mending patient routing and flow, it may be possible to denigrate patient time lag times and increase staff workout (p. 221).Bottlenecks occur in a hospital exigency department because of the triage invention of place most noteworthy injuries first. This way many anformer(a)(prenominal) belittled care issues will be pushed back. Combating this issue creating a stiff run lane to handle lowly care issues will fall patient complaints and time lag time. These concepts should reduce the wait time of patients within this three hour fold and increase their sleep together in the emergency department at Middletown hospital. demonstration Bottleneck is a lot the result of an institution abstracted the capacity to consider the ineluctably of clients in delivering a particular service.Middletown hospital was given up a recommendation to examine its current organization capacity by examining their processes, resources, technology. Middletown hospital was able to restrict other available resources which could be used to assist with confluence their patient demand. summons Arveson, P. (1998). The Deming Cycle. Retrieved November 27, 2009, from http//www. balancedscorecard. org/TheDemingCycle/tabid/112/Default. aspx Hall, R. (2006). affected role flow reducing delay in health care delivery. Los Angeles, CA customs skill patronage Media, LLC. Langabeer, J. (2008). health care operations management A numeric flack to business and logistics University of genus Phoenix customs duty rendering e-text. Sudbury,MA Jones and bartlett Publishers, Inc. Retrieved November 28, 2009, from University of Phoenix, OPS/HC571 wellness make do operations wariness nett site. National fellowship of health care Quality. (2009). JHQ 174 bleed vi Sigma in health care. Retrieved November 27, 2009, from http//www. nahq. org/journal/ce/article. hypertext markup language? article_id=250 University of Phoenix. (2009). OPS/HC571 course syllabus. Retrieved November 28, 2009, from University of Phoenix OPS/HC571- fall Materials weave site.

Nat Turner Rebellion Essay

The Nat food turner lawlessness antecedentd a large(p) uproar in Virginia. The subsequentlymath of the execution actually locomote several(prenominal) in Virginia to push the ideas of dull emancipation. With the intensity of the bondage issue at the time, this rebellion had the final result of causing a chain chemical chemical reaction in the Virginian society. The sign reaction of the discolour population after the rebellion is earlier complicated. One function to punctuate is the provide of rumors and their destructive influence. populate in Virginia started discoverlet crazy, as these rumors incited down hysteria. Whites in Virginia mobilized towards conspiracyampton county, come roughly one-third thousand units. With an boilers suit sense of panic, and increasingly terrorizing rumors, it is no wonder that in that respect were so many atrocities do to the calamitous population. reserves came into the firmawork forcet with conceptualize ideas as to the bound of the rebellion, and with it they just started cleansing random wispys. In a insincere behavior, colours mutilated the bodies of their victims.Whites beheaded approximately 15 supposed rebels in Mur impoverishedsboro with the heads placed on poles for every(prenominal)one to see. What could cause multitude to see this as a equitable idea? It is intrigue that the incoming reserves had the capacity to reverberate the crimes that they were on that point to pr flusht. In the very area in which Nat food turners rebels hit the Vaughn family, the head of a murdered black man was put together on display. This reaction shows the deep hatred that around snow-covered manpower had for break ones backs. This adrift(p) killing seemingly could not glide by for long, as peoples started to suck in that their meetty was be destroyed. Monetary stipend was yet tending(p) if a striver was executed under the law. Since striverrs were a cay economic asset, it was on ly appropriate that the suspect rebels should be try in a court.With the demise objurgate being issued by a judge, the slave owner could be compensated, and the blood famish could be sated. shifty toward a more(prenominal) appropriate action, the death sentence was typically more gentle that the random murders seen initially. reply on the spatial relation of the law was ostensibly very hostile, since every judge was white and very oft emotionally compromised on the situation. With the racial opinions and dehumanization of blacks, this court wouldnt be the fairest, entirely it was better than front actions taken on the black community. The adjudicate expedited the hearings of suspected rebels, allowing smaller time for them to nominate a proper defense. As there was a commodious deal of outrage towards them before the Nat food turner rebellion, black men faced aconsiderable join of abhorrence in the aftermath of the revolt. non only did the free blacks feel so muc h compel that many of them fled the area, only some even chose to go assistance in the liquidation of Liberia. One of the essence(predicate) thing to note is that Virginia even took outdoor(a) the right of blacks, slave and free, to preach or conduct phantasmal meetings.This is interesting with the intimacy that this solid ground was founded upon spiritual freedom. In the forefront of slave holders, slaveholding needed tighter controls. pent up emotions concerning the abolition movements interchangeablely caused some of the more original reactions to the Nat food turner rebellion. The fearfulness of losing their property and way of life was a battle that the South had been fighting since the country was founded. Their livelihood depended on the protection of slavery. Publications like David Walkers Appeal to the unilateral Citizens of the World, likely caused quite an a resurrect in the southern population. In the legal opinion of Governor Floyd, these abolitioni sts and black preachers were the main culprits back the Nat turner rebellion. In reading the catalogue encompassing Nat turners exculpation, there are some problems when analyzing the text. What has been left out is unknown.In a joint stew between doubting Thomas color in and Nat turner, the confession was made to compensate at to the lowest degree some placard of the rebellion. Both men likely detested each other, which would cause some confabulation issues during the interview. While Turner was the voice bum the confession, hoary was in the end the one that structured it. Most of the denomination is the synopsis of events that occurred in Turners life, which appear to be his own voice. throughout the document, Gray interjects his opinions, oddly in denouncing Turners acts of violence. When Turner addresses his supposed ministry, Gray seems to be remove with loathing concerning Turner. though he recognizes the enormous intellect of Turner, Gray also describes T urner in a manner that shows an general disposition of enmity.

Food allergies and safety in a food service establishment Research Paper

Food allergies and safety in a regimen service establishment - explore Paper ExampleMost restaurants are more than happy to substitute food items in regard to food allergies. The allergic person should never pay the food he is allergic to is not in the dish, just because it is not listed in the ingredients. Always ask for a complete ingredient list in the beginning ordering anything. Again using a garlic allergy as example, he should clearly state the medical issue to the server, asking for assistance in confirming with the cook staff which dishes do not contain any garlic. Most restaurants substitute items in regards to food allergies. All food service establishments must be aware of theFood Allergy Notification Law. Restaurants can download the pre-setFood Allergy Labels, print or copy onto label sheets and apply to printed menus. Yes, food allergy is complicated and can be fatal. But with proper information and communication with the food establishment it can be totally preven ted. Always do remember, that prevention is better than cure. Works Cited Page Adam, Restaurants on Food Allergy, Right Health, 2009.Magazine. 10 May 2011 Sicherer, Food Allergies, Food Allergy Initiative, 2009.Web.10 May 10 2011 Mayo, Food Allergy, Mayo Foundation for Medical Educ. Research, np.10 May 2011

Cathedral by Raymond Carver Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cathedral by Raymond Carver - Research Paper ExampleUntil the narrator realizes his own incapability to perceive, with Roberts guidance, what a cathedral really is, he cannot understand about how the blind man, Robert, sustains an intimate kinship with his wife Beulah (also with the narrators wife). He and is blindfolded by outward appearance of things. Referring to Bubs obsession with outer appearance, Teresa Alutto comments, The narrators preoccupation with physical appearance is evident. Therefore, it is not surprising that he cannot understand Roberts marriage, which was entirely based on the emotional and intellectual aspects of a relationship. (2) Bub cannot understand that beauty or appreciation of beauty plays a really little role in a successful relationship. Neither can he delve deep into his wifes mind to grow rough-cut understanding. The narrator, Bub expresses his confusion regarding Roberts successful relationship with Beulah as followingI found myself thinking wha t a pitiful life this woman must realise led. Imagine a woman who could never see herself as she was seen in the eyes of her loved onego on twenty-four hours after day and never receives the smallest compliment from her beloved. (193)Bub is also aware of Roberts closeness with the narrators wife. The irony of the narrators capability to see is that he uncomplete tries to understand what he sees. He shows no effort to understand and explain his wifes exasperation with him. He simply describes the mystery of Roberts relationship with his wife in a disinterested manner. Robert takes it for granted that physical blindness is a type of obstacle in the way of close relationship. Therefore he wonders at the blind mans ability to grow intimacy with others. In the second paragraph he comments on his wifes disinterestedness in him, as following My wife finally took her eyes off the blind man and looked at me. I had the feeling she didnt like what she saw

US Drop the Atomic Bombs on Japan to Put an Immediate End to the War Research Paper

US Drop the Atomic Bombs on lacquer to Put an Immediate End to the War - Research Paper ExampleThe emotions were non confined to slogans only the lacquerese military had already issued the order to execute all Allied prisoners if there was aninvasion (Jowett & Andrew, 2002). Finally, Anamis debates were overpowered whenEmperor Hirohitodirectly asked to end the war himself (Toland & John, 1982). People who slant the decision of nuclear bombings are well in gos. Among them are numerous US military leaders as well as ex-presidentHerbert Hoover. And they move for the notion that the nuclear bombing was simply an addition to an already violent bombing campaign (Wilson, 2007). The bombing campaign along with the sea check and the downfall of Germ any (with its effects regarding relocation of troops), would also take up brought Japanese administration to surrender, therefore proving that the atomic bombings were unnecessary from a strategic point of view. On the opposing side Kyoko Iriye Selden stated The most influential text isTrumans 1955Memoirs, which states that the atomic bomb probably pull throughd half a one million million million US lives anticipated casualties in an Allied invasion of Japan planned for November.Stimsonsubsequently talked of saving one million US casualties, andChurchillof saving one million American and half that number of British lives (Selden, 1989). In one sentence, the US dropped the nuclear bombs on Japan to put an instant end to World War II. The USA was intending to conquer Japan to placate it. Iwo Jima and Okinawa in particular, were unfathomably blood-spattered skirmishes. Japan didnt care for its own citizens lives and intended to transform their whole island into a battle fort. It was assessed that fatalities would be 1 million Americans and 500,000 British in the just the first invasion. Some skeptics say that it was used it to scare USSR as well, but there is no denying that they overlooked the final exemplification on 27 July 1945 after suffering the worst regular bombs could do. Debate rests that The Bomb actually saved Japanese and allied lives. The Allies asked for absolute decline of the Axis. The Allies, commanded by the United States, pushed back the Japanese expansion one island after another in the Pacific. When Guam was captured, the Allies had strong barracks from which they would start the assault. The assessment of American losses for an invasion of Japan was over 1 million US citizens and soldiers, or perhaps, over 2 million Americans. The United States dropped down two atom bombs to save US citizens and accelerate the end of the war. Before dropping the atomic bomb, Japan was given warnings to surrender or suffer dire penalties. But the government of Japan put aside the warnings. While the use of nuclear bomb was a tactical and warfare turning point in both the WWII and all future tense political actions, there were more people slain, mutilated, and incapacitated during the To kyo firebombing campaigns than when the US dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This act was done to lure Japan to bow down without further hostile actions. And in fact Japan did surrender speedily therefore saving almost 100,000 American soldiers and possibly over 1,000,000 Japanese who would have perished if the US had waged a conventional attack on Japan. The Allies engaged atomic weaponries to hit Japan so that it wont get up too soon. The Japanese were invading the US soil and that US had every right to defend itself. A fight-back from the US was inevitable. This argument can take any form and shape. For instance, if the US had been invading Japan, every

BUS475 Final Strategic Plan and Presentation Essay

BUS475 Final Strategic Plan and Presentation - Essay ExampleRegardless of the business pillow slip cave ined it is pertinent to appreciate the two fundamental components of strategic planning, i.e. long-term object glasss and the all-inclusive strategy.These objectives and strategies help management to predefine organizational objectives. Long-term objectives refer to results the organization seeks to execute over a certain period, for instance, a five-year period. Grand strategies, on the other hand, are the thorough approaches that guide organizational actions aimed at meeting the long-term objectives The cheek of these objectives and targets centers on the firms mission, values and vision. Some notable strategies that enable the achievement of HBRs goals and managing the changing environment include the following Financial Strategies The health clubs main objective is to become the preferential resort where customers go to enhance their natural dish antenna. HBR also aims at increasing its market share by at least 9-12% in the next two years while also operate on juicy revenue and low costs. HBR go away establish tactics to provide a balance between its income and expenditure. HRB will base its calculation of the preferred profits on the evaluation of desire and price percentiles of profit. HBR will use the strategy of return on investment to maximize the use of financial resources and reduce expenses efficiently. Technology Strategies In keeping up with modern technologies, the spa will achieve its objectives in an effectual manner. The firm will continually upgrade and appreciate the latest software information technologies that have immense impacts of the beauty industry. These technologies will help HBR to share accurate and timely information with all stakeholders. Some vital information technologies, which HBR will have, include intranet networking, the Internet, e-mail, fax, telephones and mobile phones. IT strategies ensure HBR provides w ork to its clients throughout the day. Technologically, the spa will position itself strategically by having the latest online reservation and payment services for busy professionals (Wilson & Gilligan, 2005). Marketing Strategies HBRs marketing objective is to generate awareness of the spa and cater for persons with the desire to be pampered and rejuvenate their innate beauty. HBR aims at fractureing the best possible beauty experiences to its customers to ensure high referrals. HBR intends to be a magnet for both middle and high income earners by providing tailored softwares to suit their demands and financial abilities (Hitt, Ireland & Hoskisson, 2008). These individuals may opt for the complete beauty package that includes a full seaweed body scrub, facial, manicure, pedicure and makeup application or one or two of these services. Irrespective of the package clients choose HBR will offer its clients the best possible services with the utmost professionalism. HBR will use promo tional programs such as gift cards at subsidized rates, advertising, especially in social media sites and malls, online marketing and print and electronic media. The firm will also offer complimentary facials to all new clients to retain them for the long term. Monitoring and irresponsible In HBR, the implementation of strategic plans is extremely vital since control and observe are essential to the accuracy of the strategic implementation plan. Some crucial monitoring and controlling tools include the following 1. Development Behavioral Control System is crucial to the exemplary performance of HBRs strategic plan. HBR will monitor its operating procedure, standards, rules and regulations. HBR will control the implementation of policies guarding ethical and legal frameworks and human resources. This control program is viable in ascertaining the relation between the activities of HBR and the outcomes (Wilson & Gilligan, 2005). 2. Development of a fiber control system is also an ef fective monitoring and

Navajo Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Navajo Music - Essay ExampleThe context of medicine is considered in terms of where it should be performed, she function that it serves and the type of audience. The history of the music is also considered. Navajo music is do up of wide range of genres such as rap, rock and country music and they be performed in either their intrinsic language or in English. It traditional takes the form of ceremonial chants and echo themes. The ancient Navajo music is vocal accompanied by instruments such as rattles, rasp, flute, bullro ber and drumsticks. Their songs are mainly sacred with spiritual messages in them. They also have patriotic, recreational and work songs that do not have sacred themes in them. The popular songs are for public performances while the sacred ones are reserved for religious ceremonies and events.2.Activities involving musicThis is concerned with how the people put music into practice. It further answers the question on how the practice of making the music is reflecte d in the larger social norms. The Navajo perform their sacred music in ceremonies and rituals that are usually not to be recorded, filmed or made available to the members of the public in any way. The singers who sing the sacred songs must also be qualified to offers prayers to the gods. The vocalists who lead the prayers are in a stead to come up with harmony, balance as well as health matters in the songs.This aspect of music considers the style, genres, text, movement, transmission, composition and text. Style is defined as the giving medication of the music sound

Which Factors may Encourage an Individual to Assimilate to a New Essay

Which Factors may Encourage an Individual to Assimilate to a New Society - seek ExampleAssimilation can be difficult and it can be successful yet detrimental to the individual at the same time.According to the vocabulary assimilation is The process whereby a minority group gradually adopts the customs and attitudes of the prevailing culture. (American Heritage Dictionary). For many immigrants this is expected of them and they automatically attempt to do it, curiously in the United States. There are man factors that go into assimilation that cannot be anticipated by the individual coming into the new culture.According to Le (2008) there are two basic theories that categorize how assimilation is going to happen. The primordial or essentialist theory says that people live with a sense of ethnical identity that is fixed and it is a part of who they are and it cannot be changed. They say that most people have an instinct that tells them to take care of their kin and or co-kin and leav e those who are not kin out of their assistance. (par. 3). Situational theory (also known as constructionist theory) suggests that people are always adapting to their environment and that ethnic identity is much fluid. Instead of being fixed they are more socially defined. They believe that ethnic identity is constantly changing and in their words being renegotiated, revised, and redefined, depending on specific situations and set of circumstances that each individual or ethnic group encounters (Le, par. 4). The situational theorists also suggest sub theories that work within the framework of ethnicity. many sociologists suggest that people can ignore their ethnic identity depending on the circumstances they are in and after a specific event have a resurgence of that particular identity. This happened after World War II when many Japanese Americans tried to assimilate into the American culture and let go of their Japanese culture because of their imprisonment inside the internment camps. In 1980 many people protested this treatment and Japanese

Beta thalassaemia major Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Beta thalassaemia study - Essay ExampleThis classification is based on the type of globin string (alpha or beta) which is affected. This clearly indicates that hemoglobin structure is central to the pathology of thalassaemia. Beta thalassaemia or Cooleys anemia as it is called refers to decreased beta chain production and hence deficits in hemoglobin due to defects in the gene fixing the chainHemoglobin (Hb) is protein responsible for oxygen carrying in the body. It is made of four peptide chains, two alpha or a chains and two beta or b chains. Hemoglobin synthesis is controlled by genes which are befuddleed on and off at different phases in the human beings life (beginning at the embryonic stage). Gamma genes regulate formation of fetal hemoglobin, which is switched to beta genes postnatally. It is about the 9th gestational week that the transcription switch from g chain to b chain production starts. Normally fetal hemoglobin synthesis declines gradually during this time but co ntinues until 9 months of age. It is at about the 9th month after birth that the switch is completed.(Sarnaik 2005). This beta gene in that respectin controls beta chain production in adults.In patients suffering from beta thalassaemia, there is a switch from a usual gamma-globin gene, in the fetus to an abnormal beta-globin gene, in the adult. (Blau 1994). ... tations have been described so far) Beta-thalassaemia major is hence a pass of transmission of the mutated form of beta-globin gene from both parents, to the offspring. This results in inheritance of both defected form of the gene and has severe clinical manifestations for the patient.Clinical features and abnormalitiesAs has been described above, beta thalassemia major refers to a decreased production of beta globin chains which are requi violent for formation of normal haemoglobin in the blood. This results in decreased levels of normal haemoglobin(A) in the body. Interestingly there are evidences of increased levels of fetal (F) and abnormal haemoglobin (A2). Recent studies established that this abnormal increase in other Hb forms was due to production of excess of alpha chains, some of which are consequently utilized to synthesize hemoglobins which do not require beta chains, such as hemoglobin F (a2 g2) or hemoglobin A2 (a2 d2) and hence the elevated levels of such hemoglobins (Perrimond 2001). Clinically this is very relevant as it leads to excessively reduced RBC life, this is chiefly due to precipitation of free alpha chains on the RBCs. Other clinical features are is extremely severe hypochromic anemia as a result of ineffective erythropoesis. There is also significant decrease in hemoglobin content per cell and microcytosis. In order to compensate for this the body attempts to increase the red cellproduction. This results in increase marrow cavities and extramedullary erythropoeisis in the liver and spleen. The consequences of such endeavours may result in hepatosplenomegaly, bone defects and much discomfort (pain) in patients. In children, there is high incidence of growth deficit, cardiac problems and jaundice (due to excessive break down of red

Theology and arts reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Theology and arts reflection paper - Essay subjectThis is due to their perceived insubordination to the government, which is attributed to their subscription to an alien Westernized culture. Apparently this culture is synonymously equated with the Christian faith (End and Johnston 31). The persecution of the foreign missionaries alongside their Japanese Christian faithful is thence traced back to the Japanese emperors concern about the Christianized Japanese inequality loyalty. This is in favor of the foreign Christian emissaries and to the defiance of the governments directives. In addition, Japanese cultural ethnicity had a cognitively entrenched religious identity operator in form of Buddhism, which formed part of the Japanese ethnic identity (End and Johnston 18).Contrarily, Christianity challenged some of the religious ordinances of the Japanese tradition such as Buddhism due to their contravention with Christianity dogma teaching against idolatry. This was subsequently viewe d as an attempt by the Japanese ethnic conservatism to obliterate and substitute Japanese ethnicity with Western European identity.On the other hand, the film Mission posits a purely evangelization missionary uprise aimed at spreading Christianity as an integral part of the South American Gulani community cultural identity. The evangelism aspect of the missionary work amongst the Gulani community is exhibited by the shared and harmonious coexistence between Christians and non-Christians groups. In addition, challenges to the Christian faith within the Gulani community exclusively come from forces outside the Gulanis geopolitical locality such as the Portuguese. This is accompanied with minimum or no resistance experienced within the communitys multiethnic groups (Morricone).Evangelism missionary approach amongst the Gulani community is thus direct towards the exclusive substitution of the pagan religious dogma of the

Facebook as a gateway to marketing activities Essay

Facebook as a gateway to marketing activities - Essay ExampleFacebook is integrity of the most renowned fond network situates in the internet that tries to connect multitude around the world. It is one of the leading social network sites that perk up captured billions of people to get connected through virtual whizz request and invitation. This website is known to provide more than just entertainment because it is also used to disseminate info to each of the member of the site. In todays worlds activities where information can become so confusing at some quest or very helpful in a way, people may no longer have the time to determine how they are bombarded with diverse base everyday. In the case of website Facebook people are constantly moving with the trend without them trying to notice how they are used in it. In this paper, the proponent tries to try a specific issue in which people can hardly notice about its existence. This is in line with the marketing strategy used by marketers by tapping social network sites particularly Facebook. Facebook as a gateway to marketing activities Facebook members seem to know little about it that when they agree with the terms and conditions of the social network site during registration of their account, technically all information they shared with the site belong to Facebook solicitude. The information they shared become the real property of Facebook management in which the member may actually have no real control over them. This is an advantage at the side of Facebook management because they may have necessary data to be processed into useful information for whatever purpose it may provide for their further benefits. Marketers are always studying their consumers and these entangle demographics or characteristics of human population including sex, religious background, social orientation, culture, education and many more. All of these information are very important to be learned in every marketing activity beca use through them a marketer will be able to create strategic move in coiffe to pee needs for their product or service offerings. Fortunately, marketers find their way in social network sites to study human behavior and characteristics of human population. For instance, the existence of news program Feed and Mini Feed features at Facebook actually triggered privacy issues and discussion of their future influences (Hoadley et al. 50). Certainly this is just a proof that online social network site is not just built for purely interaction among members, but its design is leading forward to spiraling growth of tremendous possibilities. As one way out that can be clearly observed, Facebook has become an easy way for business-oriented individuals to promote their service and product offerings. If this is the thought going on with the mind of these simple and general individuals, then certainly there can be more going on in the minds of marketing professionals. In fact, the on-going tr end of marketing activity is hit to interactivity (Deighton and Kornfeld 4). This is a real case going on at Facebook as a social networking site adhering to create healthy interaction among people in every walk of life around the world. Facebook is built to create profit Facebook as an online social network site is instituted to gain and create profit. In order to reach this corporate goal, the management needs to acquire many members as many as possible. This is the reason why there is always an option for friend request so as to substantially increase the number of members. The higher number of members is directly associated with the profit or revenue to be obtained. In 2010, the besiege Street Journal reported $710 million estimated revenue of Facebook but other estimates had been revealed to be around $1 to $1.1 billion. These are just estimates at some take but the main point is that Facebook does not start gaining these ranges of revenue. They had started from a very humbl e beginning. Everything started to go for Facebooks favor when the number of their online members had

Financial Contracts in Islamic law compared to that of American Law Dissertation

Financial Contracts in Moslem equity compared to that of American law of nature - Dissertation ExampleFinancial contracts can be entered in both written and verbal formats and must be discussed and accepted during a single impact without any noticeable interruptions including multiple negotiation sessions or changes in the meeting venue. Unlike provisions under American law, Islamic financial contracts can be accepted based on personal conduct of the parties (Hassan, 2007). Under special circumstances, non-responsiveness to a given contract proposal is taken as an acceptance. Islamic law also allows further flexibility among parties within a given meeting session whereby parties have the right to refuse a contract up to the plosive when either party leaves the meeting venue physically. However, variations do exist over the interpretation, implementation and recognition of this feature even within countries where Islamic finance is serious (Vogel, 2008). Contents of the financi al contracts under Islamic law are prohibited from discussing or relating with any item prohibited by the religion. Such substances include intoxicant and tobacco besides prohibition on gambling. All applicable items that constitute the contract content must further be in the possession or ownership of either party and legally exist at the time of the initiation of the contract (Rayner, 2001). In simple words, items that will be devised in the rising may not be included in an Islamic contract. Specific properties of all these items including specifications, origin and quality must be clearly states in the legal injury of the contract. Other than deals that involve the exchange of money, the exact price at which the goods will be delivered should be agreed upon prior to contract agreement (Hassan, 2007). Contracts based on future prices that are speculative in nature are not allowed and cannot be developed based on the advice of a third party. While thither are several types of Is lamic financial contract, the most common one that is used for sale and exchange of goods is known as muawadat. Goods can be change either for money or can be exchanges as part of a barter transaction. Even exchange of money is valid under Islamic contract. Real estate or equipment can be leased to external parties by using another type of contract known as the ijara (Vogel, 2008). The theory of Islamic contracts has been in existence for several centuries in regions like the Middle East, Asia and North Africa where Islam continues to be a major religion (Ayub, 2009). Islamic finance is considered as a tool from the almighty and is based upon relevant Islamic principles that place a high value on moral principles that is expected of all chase of the religion. Conventional American law is aimed at helping create contracts that are ethical in nature. Islamic finance advocates a similar approach when ontogenesis contracts and related transactions. However, this feature must not lead to an assumption that Islamic contracts bear a close resemblance with Western contracts (Rayner, 2001). In fact, contracts agreed upon under Islamic law are rather less binding than conventional American contracts that imply all aspects covered under them. Legal advice and further testing is thus necessary in the case of Islamic contracts to understand the circumstances under which a contract may not be valid. In addition, the act of Islamic contracts has not been uniform across the Islamic world. While countries like Pakistan and Iran apply Islamic law in a stringent fashion, other countries

(((p))) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

(((p))) - Essay ExampleIn my belief, DAP enables teachers to be free in making decisions ab emerge what children require developmentally to make the most out of their educational experiences. Hence, I really feel that DAP offers trained teachers with enough autonomy to teach young children in the best way possible not notwithstanding to individual development but also to the general curriculum development as well.According to Copple (2006), teachers who utilize DAP to teach young children meet the young learners where they ar and not necessarily where learners want to be hence promoting curriculum development. This makes the teachers consider all the curriculum development argonas of child in the learning process which are physical, social cognitive and emotional. DAP makes teachers provide young children with learning opportunities that challenge the children and yet the challenges are achievable when working with Zone of Proximal Development (Arce, 2012).In name of pedagogy, I f eel the strength of DAP as a method and practice of teaching makes teachers identify learners as children who have individual differences, stores of experience and different backgrounds. more specifically, I believe that DAP as a method and practice of teaching makes it possible to teach children while making teaching decisions that adapt to experience, age, interest and the abilities of children of a certain age bracket. Hence, DAP makes it possible for teachers to focus on how young ones learn best. This implies that policy makers in the education sector need to be aware of DAP since if they reduce DAP it go forth be counterproductive for them because it will be akin to ignoring the way children are wired to develop naturally (National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2009). Children will learn the best through following when using DAP as a method and practice of teaching.In my view, when using DAP,

Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Managment - Essay ExampleJoes performance problem be attributed the deprivation of a rearing programs. The manager admits that the firm has gone for long without career counseling, the fact that Joe is not a graduate he needs regular training given the nature of the job. Lack of motivation his performance has in any case affected, motivation arsehole be linked to job performance or receiving unfair treatment. This bum be analyzed by evaluating Joes hard work in designing projects, but in return of this hard work and effort come back he gets discriminated against his fellow colleagues, this has demoralized him to the extent of even daydreaming on his desk. In addition, the norm that employees do not leave early on Friday has also affected Joes performance owing that he has a wife and children who he requires more time to rest and enjoy with them(Schwartz 77).Joes behavior to quietness on his desk is inappropriate this can encourage other employees to relax even in prime times. This behavior needs to be checked out to subjugate its spread. The fact that Joes job satisfaction is low due by the rewards he get from his high performance he needs intrinsic rewards. Joes work can be redesigned so that he can enjoy rotation thus encouraging specialization in areas of interest (Schwartz

Week 1 journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 1 journal - Essay ExampleAccording to (Millie, 2008) most of the antisocial behavior in children are brought up by unfortunate parenting. Children in their industry vs. inferiority developmental stage according to Erik Eriksons psychosocial theory, learn a lot by observation. These children, when exposed to poor parenting, would emulate what the parents do and socialize the acts as the societally acceptable norms.Drawing an inference from the video in the shadow of feeling, I find come to understand that mental illness is a trait attained by individuals at different stages of development. From interviews with doctors, business people and the identified psychopaths, the video give an insight on psychopathic cases that have not committed an actual crime (Bar-Levav, 2008). The intensity of the condition as well as the level of the provoking factor influence commitment of a crime by psychopathic children. Nevertheless, genetic predisposition is found to be one of the major psycho logical factors that expose children to psychopathic condition. Consumerism, which is the ever-growing desire to possess a greater amount of goods and services is equally associated to psychopath. Consumerism as psychopathy trait can be linked to childhood development, especially if the child was brought up in an environment with little resources. Consumerism thus acts as a compensatory mechanism for the earlier deprivations.Resch, F., Parzer, P., & Brunner, R. (2008). Self-mutilation and suicidal behaviour in children and adolescents Prevalence and psychosocial correlates Results of the BELLA study. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 17,

ITEM 7 (Elaborated response to issued raised) Essay

ITEM 7 (Elaborated response to issued raised) - Essay Exampleg been vitiating the social cash machine without ever being identified as a problem that is essentially different both in nature and potential than the social problem that racism is generally viewed as by intelligentsia across the world.The author has painstakingly described how United Kingdom has long viewed racism to be essentially an interpersonal problem or at the most a problem between two or more groups that perceive the each other as adversaries and the radical reason for some long standing social malaise that happens to adversely affect the agitated group. Since this problem is entrenched between individuals, a possible resolvent to this problem has always been thought of in terms of influencing interpersonal behaviors through changing perceptions in the minds of ethnic majority just about minority stereotypes. (Tajfel & Turner, 1986)However, the leaders of the club and successive governments in Great Britain acknowledged the fact that these misconceptions had become deeply entrenched in the minds of adversarial ethnic groups. Thus, the best way to rid the society of such pernicious prejudices, the governments thought, would be to introduce a school curriculum that would educate school going children in the age group of 5 11 about their duties and responsibilities as citizens of a multi-ethnic region. (Ryan, 2003) There have been a series of education policies that attempted to educate, or rather, enlighten the future citizens about their responsibilities and duties both towards the country and towards fellow citizens. (Banks, Multicultural education Historical development, dimensions, and practice, 2004)The first concerted attempts to educate school going children about duties and responsibilities of a contributing citizen began in early mid-nineties when cross cultural themes were introduced in the school curriculum specifically to make young would be citizens aware of what their r esponsibilities shall be as they grow up to be adults. These

Comprehensive evaluation in Mathematics Essay Example for Free

Comprehensive evaluation in Mathematics EssayContinuous complete Evaluation should be carried out in relation to learners cognitive, affective and psycho-motor offset. Cognitive growth refers to the intellectual development of learners ( much(prenominal) as learners knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation). Affective growth emphasizes learners attitude, interest and personal development. Psycho-motor growth deals with learners ability to perform some activity or do some practical work. Therefore, if you want the teaching-learning growth to be really effective, you should evaluate the learners continuously and comprehensively Hence to bring about the improvement in the quality of education and the holistic development of the child who is tomorrows global citizen, evaluation process should focus adequately on both scholastic and non-scholastic areas of development. Hence the focus needs to shift to comprehensive evaluation. The comprehensive ev aluation also needs to concord continuity at regular intervals through out the academic year. This thought is further gets support from the fact that the National Progressive Schools Association has also recommended the scrapping of assort X board exams This module focuses upon the various evaluation tools and techniques which can be used for decision making with reference to learners scholastic and non scholastic needs. By comprehensive evaluation, we mean that evaluation should not concern itself only with knowledge but it shall also take into account the factors that are inherent in students growth such as skills, understanding, appreciation, interest, attitude and habits. In other words, evaluation should cover all the learning experiences of the learner in curricular as well as non-cognitive areas. hold of Continuous comprehensive evaluation.Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation is intended to provide a holistic profile of the learner through assessment of both scholastic and non-scholastic aspects of education spread over the total span of instructional time in schools. It helps to severalise those positive attributes of the learner which are not usually assessed during the examinations conducted by the Board As it is spread over a period of two years in class IX and X it provides several opportunities for the school to identify the latent talents of the learners in different contexts.

Short Case Essay Example for Free

Short Case EssayAt your partnership, a bottler of natural spring water, the advertising division has recently launched a campaign that emphasizes the purity of your product. The industry is highly competitive, and your organization has been badly hurt by a lengthy take over of unionized employees. The strike seriously disrupted production and distribution, and it caused your company to lose significant revenues and market share. Now that the strike is over, your company will behave to struggle to recoup baffled customers and will have to pay for the increased wages and benefits called for in the new union contract. The companys monetary situation is precarious to say the least. You and the total senior management team have high hopes for the new ad campaign, and initial consumer response has been positive. You are shocked, then, when your head of operations reports to you that an angry worker has sabotaged superstar of your bottling plants. The worker introduced a chemica l into one of the machines, which in turn contaminated 120,000 bottles of the spring water.Fortunately, the chemical is present in extremely minute amountsno consumer could maybe suffer harm unless he or she drank in excess of 10 gallons of the water per day over a long period of time. Since the machine has already been sterilized, any risk of long term exposure has been virtually eliminated. But, of course, the claims made by your new ad campaign could not be more false. enumerate all of the stakeholders involved in this situation. Do any stakeholder groups have more to gain or lose than others? Develop a strategy for dealing with the contamination.How frequently does a companys financial situation determine how ethical dilemmas are handled? In this situation the list of stakeholders would be everyone in the company. If the company is not able to make money then the company is at stake and this stakeholders are everyone that is employed, this includes myself as the owner of the company to the labor employees that have a newly negotiated labor contract. I do not believe that anyone group has more or less to loose instinctively, I would think the lower wage workers would have more to loose, but is actually not true, because its all relative.The strategy I would use to deal with this situation is to stay honest an true to the product the company sells and to the employees. First, I would write a detailed letter to everyone explaining the situation. I would explain the position of the company before this incident and the potential implications of this situation. The companys financial situation has a lot to deal with how this situation. Which is why I feel it is important to be transparent.My plan would be to dispose of the contaminated supply along with any equipment that would contaminate future products. I would work the manager or director of infection control to make sure the contaminated product is suitably disposed of and to come up with a plan that w ould insure this does not happen again. One all is said and done, I would relay all germane(predicate) information to all the employees of the organization. Further, I would l relay a newly created policy of what how employees will how act in this manner will be dealt with.

Training and Development Paper Essay Example for Free

Training and Development Paper EssayTraining and development have become an essential component in the health dispense industry. Well-trained support workers argon more likely to provide safe care and increase the confidence of registered staff to delegate tasks. (Better care through divulge training-evaluation of an HCA development programme, 2012, p. 35). The overall quality and quantity of training and development received by employees determines the success of an organization. It an important for organizations to assess why training and education are important. It is also vital that organizations measure the competencies within the organization. Once training and education programs have been put in place, the organization should create a system for introduce and evaluating the effectiveness of the training. According to Gomez-Mejia, Balkin, and Cardy (2010), Training typically focuses on providing employees with specific skills or helping them correct deficiencies in thei r performance.Training is used by organizations as a means to immediately enhance an individual employees skill deficiency for their present job. Typically, training occurs in three stages. These stages are needs assessment, development and conduct, and evaluation. (Gomez-Mejia, Balkin, Cardy, p. 246, 2010). In the needs assessment phase, organizations determine if training is needed. If training is needed, the organization will develop training program that addresses the organization, tasks and personal needs of the company and the workers directly elusive in training. Once it has been determined that training is needed, the development and conducting phase will be used to determine what approach will be used.These approaches acknowledge the location, entry and types of training to be used. The locations of training vary depending on the job, but whitethorn include on the job training, apprenticeships and internships. The presentation of the training may be conducted utilise t echnology based examples, such as computers or humans to human interaction through stimulation and role play. The types of training also vary and may include team training or cross functional training. The evaluation phase is the final phase in the training process. During this phase, organizations determine if the training was necessary and effective. The organizations often look at the financial impact of the training and the overall productivity of the workers trained. There are several ways that organizations can evaluate and cart track theeffectiveness of training.One of these ways is by testing employees about job specific tasks. This can include direct and indirect forms of testing that might include written test or general questions being asked while employees are performing tasks. In the healthcare industry, it is essential that an organization measure each employees level of capacity. By doing so, the organization is made aware of what type of work the employee is capa ble of producing. This allows employers the opportunity to assess if certain individuals are able to effectively do their jobs. This is important for organizations to do because many organizations and employees are given a realistic expectation of what can and cannot be accomplished based on the resources of the employee.New scientific advancements in healthcare are often evolving. For this reason, constant training and education is needed for healthcare employees. Healthcare organizations must develop ways to measure the competency of all their workers. It is also important the training programs be developed that effectively and efficiently train any employee who is lacking proper job skills. By putting these efforts in place, organizations increase the overall productivity of their workers.ReferencesBetter care through better training-evaluation of an HCA development programme. (2012, January). British Journal of Healthcare Assistants, 6(1), 35-38. CINAHL Plus with Full Text. Go mez-Mejia, L., Balkin, D., Cardy, R. (2010). Managing human resources (6th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Colllection database.

Fear Of Violent Crime Geography Essay

Fear Of Violent Crime Geography Essay As a concept business of offense has caused much academician discussion since it was firstly developed as a school of thought in the 1960s. Even though interest in disquietude of wickedness has done for(p) though peaks and troughs since its arrival in the social sciences, it has undoubtedly gear up its way into govern workforcetal thinking and subsequent policies (Lee Farrall 2008). in that location ar those who claim that fearfulness of shame is a larger problem than execration itself and this is largely due to anxieties over godforsaken criminal offences such as sexual assault which is particularly salient (Warr 1995). The globe atomic number 18 informed that official rates of plague are falling hence this appears to substantiate the claim that unexclusive fears are disproportionate to reality or even irrational (Skogan 1987). For example, the latest British Crime Survey (BCS) undertaken by the Home bunk (2009) revealed that volumes fear of flushed curse in the UK out-weighs their chances of victimization. However a finding from the same look into registered that all regions in the UK experienced a reduction in the proportion of people with a high level of come to about ferocious hatred between 2001-2 and 2008-9 (Home Office 2009).Source BCS, Home Office (2009)Percentage of people with high level of worry about untamed crime, 2001-2 and 2008-9 There go been many disputes as to how to define fear of barbaric crime and as such, official statistics are subject to criticism. Lewis and Salem (1981) claim that excited notionings alone define fear of crime whereas different scholars place emphasis on cognitive judg handsts or demeanors (Garland 2001). There are also mixed findings on the connections between socio-demographic factors and fears of violence. Differential fears of violent crime have been absolutely attri moreovered to factors such as age, sex, race, locality, personal experience a nd media breathing in (Clemente Kleiman 1977). It has been posited that further research on the fear of crime must be focussed spatially and socially upon particular populations (Weaver 2008 4). This speaking will investigate the often cited connections between fear of violent crime and locality focussing on the University of Nottingham student population. It will explore the clash these fears have on their use of public space and highlight any constraints on activities or opportunities as a consequence of behavioural modifications. Nottingham safe for students?The metropolis of Nottinghams violent crime rates are higher(prenominal) than the UK average. However, recorded violence in Nottingham a fall uponst the person has decreased from a rate of 34.5 per 1000 in 2006/07 to 29.79 rates per 1000 in 2008/09 (Home Office 2009). As a consequence perhaps, headlines in the media depiction Nottingham as being notorious for gun crime or as being an Assassination City (Sewell 2007) have decreased. Nevertheless the bulk media continue to stigmatize Nottingham as being a hotbed of violence. It has been contendd that Nottingham is a victim of its own success (Tiesdell 1998). This can be attri hardlyed to the number of bars and clubs the city possesses, promoting a vibrant but volatile night-life. In 2008 Nottingham City Council announced that the city was an Alcohol Disorder Zone (ADZ). This declaration was met with disbelief and anger amongst the local press and the University of Nottingham. It was argued that the City Council had piece of cake itself in the foot again. In 2002, the Chief Constable of Nottinghamshire gave his opinion that the city was out of control he referred to the frequency of violence and in particular, the use of firearms. The City Council agreed with him before it quickly back-tracked, but it was too late, Nottingham acquired a reputation as a number-one crime city. The impact was stunning, with The University of Nottingham, one of the be st in the country, losing al about a third of student applicants (MC Report 2008). Avoidance actions can have negative impacts on cities. For example, parryance behaviours can lead to significant financial cost as the Nottingham Safer Cities Project (NSCP) discovered. The go steady conducted a public survey the findings from which illustrated that a significant number of city residents usually avoided the city centre after aristocratic. The project calculated that this avoidance strategy led to the loss of 12 million in turnover and 442 job opportunities in Nottinghams central business district during the 6 months of the cogitation (Beck Willis 1995). Though outdated the project indicates the importance of investigating fear of violence amongst Nottinghams university population as they are widely regarded to be a bouncy contributer to the citys income and infrastructure (Beck Willis 1995).Advancement of the Aims and ObjectivesAIMS To discover whether fear of violent crime am ongst university students in Nottingham is dependent on a) gender b) place of domicile entrance hall c) spate media consumption d) personal victimization To discover how university students react to fear of violent crime and how this shapes their use of public space in Nottingham Nottingham has higher levels of billed violent crime than the national average and is widely regarded amongst the mass media as being a particularly violent place. Furthermore students aged 16-24 years of age, statistically, are one of the most apparent groups to fall victim to violent crime (Home Office 2009). Despite these findings, a thorough palingenesis of the previous literature showed that there are precise few journal articles investigating fears of violence amongst university students and none were focussed on the city of Nottingham. Extensive research on gender as a tally of fear pays most attention to the fear gap between men and women. Fear of sexual assault is often given as the chief(p renominal) soil for differential levels of fear (Balkin 1979) and as a result mens fears are neglected (Goodey 1997). This oratory will compare the fears of both male and female students whilst focussing on violent crimes. Most academics agree that being a victim of sexual assault leads to intensified fears (Box et al 1988). However, there are mixed findings on the impact personal victimization of other violent crimes has on the individual. Some scholars argue that all physical assaults and muggings lead to greater fear of crime (Tulloch et al 1998) whilst others argue that they actually reduce fears (Sparks et al 1977). These inconsistent findings show that there is room for further research into the personnels of violent victimization on public fears, which this dissertation aims to do.Social scientists, on the whole, accept that fear of violent crime is place-dependent and as such how individuals relate to ideas of place and association is an important indicator of fears (Gi rling et al 2000). However, studies in the UK examining the relationships between fear of violence and familiarity with place of residence are lacking. This dissertation will investigate the impact familiarity of place has on fears by comparing the fear index of students whose domicile residence is in Nottingham to those who lived several(prenominal)where else prior to attending University of Nottingham.The mass media provide the public with much of their information. This information is often distorted done popular tabloids which tend to sensationalise crime. It has been argued that the media cause fears of violent crime to increase (Gunter 1987) but findings are mixed. stolon year students, many being new to the city, will be an interesting focus group as many of them would have received much of their knowledge about Assassination City by the media. As aforementioned, modifications of behaviour in response to fears can have a significant impact on a citys income hence research in this area (the second main aim) could arguably be important for future policy initiatives attracting more students to Nottingham. There whitethorn also be wider social consequences for individual students with high levels of fear as it could limit opportunities, ultimately affecting well-being. OBJECTIVES1. To review existing literature to acquire an understanding of the different theories and views on fear of violent crime 2. To conduct three-figure surveys on male and female University of Nottingham first year students followed by statistical analysis to determine the relationship between fear of violent crime and the undermentioned variables a) gender b) place of domicile residence c) mass media d) personal victimization3. To conduct group discussions with first year Geography and Law students at the University of Nottingham to gain a more thorough insight into their fear of violent crime and whether it effects their use of public space in NottinghamFear of Violence donnis h discussionGenderResearch into the thorny issue of gender and fear of violent crime has found that women are much more fearful of violent crime than men yet women are less likely to be victims (Hale 1996). This fear amongst women was primarily viewed as being irrational by some scholars as womens high levels of fear do not equate to actual risk of victimization (Clemente and Kleiman 1977). It is widely acknowledged, however, that women have different experiences in public spaces than men. The BCS shows that upstart men are at great risk of victimisation for overall violence, although women are more likely to experience domestic violence and sexual assault (Home Office 2009). In public, fear of rape is a cardinal fear for women (Riger et al 1994 78) and is widely acknowledged as being the greatest factor leading to men and women sharing a consensus that females are much more fearful than males (Sutton Farrall 2008 15). The shadow of sexual assault hypothesis (Ferraro 1996) states that womens fear of sexual assault shadows their fear of other types of crime, particularly violent crime. This dissertation aims to uncover the influence all violent crime has on female and male university students. The gendered stereotypes of fearless male/fearful female (Goodey 1997) are challenged by academics who suggest that men are socialised in society to be less fearful than women hence men have a tendency to minimise and hide their fears. This recent theory of the Socially Desirable Responding (Farrall et al 2009) has important implications for research findings as it has been suggested that men are more likely to under-report their concerns in order to fit the hegemonic masculine ideal (Goodey 1997). This could be to such an termination that when this was taken into account, mens fear outstripped womens (Sutton Farrall 2005). This is in contrast to the view that women report higher fears because they are physically weaker than men and whitethorn have rape foremost in t heir minds when answering questions about violent crime (Stanko 1990). It has been posited that fear declines with age amongst girls and to a greater extent, boys. Young boys are relatively open about their fears yet as they mature their fears are somewhat downplayed as normative adult identities are adopted (Goodey 1997 402). This dissertation compares female fears of violent crime with the neglected arena of male fears (Goodey 1997 52) focussing on first year university students who are in a liminal stage of neither being viewed by wider society as children nor adults. First Year University Students and the Fear of Violent CrimeFirst year University students, being young adults, are often stereotyped as strong, fearless and are often cons unfeignedd as the offender rather than the victim (Tulloch 2000 452). However a comprehensive report by Tulloch et al (1998) found that young adults are more fearful of crime than previously recognised. In addition statistical analysis has indica ted that they have the greatest fear of violent crime when compared to other age groups (Ferraro 1995). These fears are arguably justified by The British Crime Survey (Home Office 2009) which asserted that reflecting their younger age profile, students (8.6%) had a higher than average risk of being a victim of violent crime throughout the year 2008/09. The BCS claim this is likely to be related to lifestyle. For example, people who visited nightclubs more than once a week in the month prior to interview had a higher risk of violent crime (12.4%) than those who had visited nightclubs or discos less than once a week on average (6.6%) or not at all (2.5%). First year university students or Freshers do not fit into one clearly defined category or stereotype. Some see university students as belonging to a problem population incentive moral panics through binge drinking and yobbish behaviour. As city centres are comprehend to be dangerous, they are given over to gangs of revellers and d runkards after dark (Trench et al 1992). some others see students as law abiding citizens who are likely to be victims of violent crime at the hands of excluded local youths who, like students are demonized through the media.Place of Domicile Residence and Fear of Violent CrimePerception of residential district has a strong influence on subjective estimates of being a victim of violent crime (Jackson 2004)Literature on fear of crime has shown that it is an absorbent bailiwick bound up in how individuals relate to ideas of place and community (Farrall et al 2009). In a recent study Farrall et al (2009) use in-depth qualitative interviews to explore the connections people make when talking about crime, their environment and community. The study suggested that at the root of fear of crime is public unease about the health of local neighbourhood order and concerns about social decline and community fragmentation. They concluded that public perceptions of crime are strongly linked to objective and subjective assessments of community, environment and change. It was also acknowledged that this can have varying degrees of consequence for respondents depending on a participants own circumstances or history (Farrall et al 2009 137). Due to university students varied experiences and histories they will be an interesting population to explore.There is a sufficient gap in research on dimensions of place and fear of violent crime there are few place-based studies that have considered relationships between fear of crime and familiarity with place of residence. Nevertheless, an example of one such study in Washington DC found that the percentage of a residents life spent in the same neighbourhood was associated with a decrease in fear of violent crime (Roman Chalfin 2008).Mass media consumption and fear of Violent CrimeIt is widely recognised that crime stories and discussions about law and order are the staple diet of the written press (Sparks 1992).The mass media provi de a major source of our knowledge. As such there is much academic debate as to what extent media in the UK influences individual fear of violent crime. Academics such as Jewkes (2004) have argued that that the mass media harbours the power to instil fear in the public by the way in which it presents crime. Such dividing lines fit the Hypodermic Syringe Model which focuses on the mass media representation of crime and how that representation is perceived by the public. It is argued that the media butt in values, ideas and information directly into the passive reader or viewer (Jewkes 2004 9). The information that the popular media inject into the public is often distorted as they tend to sensationalise crime by following the rule that if it bleeds it leads. They pay privileged attention to some crimes at the cost of others, often violent crimes at the expense of non-violent (Keating 2002).In Britain, readers of tabloid newspapers which have more sensational crime coverage reporte d higher levels of fear than readers of card papers, whose crime coverage is less predominant and less dramatic (Grabosky 1995).By exaggerating the risks of violent crimes the media may orchestrate moral panics or media panics (Cohen 1972). These moral panics often tot to BCS statistics. The popular press use one statistical area such as Nottingham and distort the truth by sensationalising the factual data development oral communication such as epidemic, which in turn, may lead to moral panics. Although there is some radical truth to what the media are presenting to the public, it usually becomes dramatised to the point of disconnection from the truth. This may lead to a deviancy amplification spiral (Cohen 1972) inferring that the area is particularly dangerous. Another consequence for such localities is that, once the decline begins, the community becomes part of the media generated folklore on crime and rare events such as firearm offences seem to be commonplace (Keating 200 2).Fear of violent crime levels can also be rationalised by utilise Post-Modernist approaches. Hall et al (1978 46) suggest that the public are interested in the mass media representation of crime, especially violent crime, as violence represents a basic violation of the person. The public are therefore more affected by violent crimes, as they worry for their own safety. The BCS (Home Office 2009) statistics show that the number of violent crimes is decreasing annually, but this data is not yet reflected by public opinion.The Hypodermic Syringe Theory, Moral Panic Theory and Post-Modernist approaches have been widely criticised by researchers who have found the causative relationship between media and fear of violent crime to be at best, inconclusive. One key finding from Tulloch et al (1998) verbalise that the media are not as influential as previously thought. It has been suggested that the media alone can not cause fear of crime but they can ring fears, play upon them, exploi t or reassure them (Sparks 1992 155). Behavioural Responses to Fear of Violent CrimeA review of the quantitative evidence to date illustrates that the findings for a causal relationship between fear of violent crime and modification of behaviour are somewhat inconsistent (Foster Giles-Corti 2008). Numerous studies exhibit that people often avoid actions which they view as being dangerous such as travelling on public transport or going out after dark (Box et al 1988). On the contrary an important finding from Tulloch et al (1998) found that even though young adults are more fearful of violent crime than any other age group, they still go out at night and use public transport. Episodes of being afraid of violent crime are often short lived. For example, one may become fearful if they hear footsteps behind them when walking down a dark alley. Farrall et al (2009) describe these fears as experiental. Experiental fears are short-lived episodic experiences that are in response to externa l direct stimuli bound up in details of time and place. It has been argued, however, that although there may be heightened awareness in situations whereby one perceives there to be a potential threat of violence, this does not necessarily lead to outright fear but a calculated set of behavioural responses (Garland 2001). By conducting in-depth interviews, Farrall et al (2009) found that many participants believed it was their responsibility to protect themselves from violent crime and that precautionary behaviour is a necessary part of every day life. Some modified their behaviour, avoided certain places at certain times and purchased security equipment. It has been suggested that fear of violence is not ever so detrimental to an individuals well-being. Some degree of fear might be healthy in certain situations as it creates a natural defence against crime. When there is a perceived risk of actual violence, a certain amount of fear might actually be beneficial. Experiental fears of violent crime stimulate responsiblization which leads to precautionary behaviours, makes people feel safer and ultimately lowers the risk of victimization. This has been described as functional fear (Jackson Gray 2009). This functional fear can be illustrated in the Health tenet Model (Rosenstock 1974). This pose has been applied by social scientists to explain why some people change their behaviour to combat violent crime (Hammig Moranetz 2000). The model asserts that individuals who fear being a victim of violence will change their lifestyle habits if they believe that altering certain behaviours will enhance their overall well-being.For women, crime is a considerable reason as to why they do not go out after dark at night (Crawford et al 1990 49). As aforementioned, social scientists have indicated that gender is one of the strongest predictors of fear of violence women are more fearful of violent crime than men. Some scholars such as Warr (1985) and Ferraro (1995) have sugg ested that this differential irrational fear among females is mostly due to their fear of sexual victimization. As a result of this fear women restrict their lives in private and public spaces due to the perceived threat of criminal victimization (Gilchrist et al 1998). Findings from Warr (1985) substantiate this claim revealing that 40% of women do not go out at night compared with 9% of men. This indicates that fear of violent crime could have real consequences for female university students, limiting their use of public space and restricting them from fulfilling numerous opportunities in Nottingham. However, findings from studies can vary depending on the different behaviours that are measured. For example, a study in the US which investigated young male preventive behaviours against violent victimization found that 27% of respondents reported practicing preventive behaviours against violent crime regularly (Hammig Morinetz 2000). Existing studies therefore do not provide concre te evidence for a strong relationship between fear of violent crime and modifications of behaviour.Victimization and the Irrational Fear of Violent CrimeTulloch et al (1998) found that peoples fear of violent crime depends on personal experience and that an individuals fear of violence is likely to be heightened if the individual has been victimized. However, past research on the issue has been surprisingly inconclusive. In a review of the research, DuBow et al (1979) concludes that there has been no convincing evidence that victimization increases ones fear of violent crime. In a more recent study using qualitative analysis, Farrall et al (2009) reach a similar conclusion that many who had experienced violence didnt admit to amplified levels of fear. Furthermore, they found differential levels of fear between set-apart and repeat victims with the last mentioned reporting greater fears. Skogan (1987) claims that due to the lack of a strong relationship between fear and direct expe rience of violent crime, some peoples fears such as womens has been branded irrational. Interest in the irrationality of high levels of fear of violent crime was fuelled by the weak correspondence of many survey measures of fear of crime to peoples self reported victimization experiences (Skogan 1987 112). Rifai (1982 193) denotes that fear of crime is irrational simply because many people dont do much about it There is usually little behavioural change that is reflected in what could be termed crime preventative or victimization preventative behaviour (Rifai 1982 193). As previously discussed, however, findings on behavioural changes are mixed and inconclusive.Violent crime does not impact on all members of society in the same way. A controversial argument put forward by Rifai (1982) stated that victimization and fear are not strongly linked because most crimes and a large proportion of violent crimes are trivial in their consequences hence they arent fear provoking. A number of ca se studies have suggested that in most occurrences of victimization there is little effect on the daily lives of the victims (Rifai 1982 199). The experience of victimization can serve to dispel some of the myths and anxieties about what becoming a victim of crime might feel like. The latest BCS statistics for 2008/09 indicate that, continuing a similar pattern to previous years, assault without injury accounted for the largest proportion (40%) of all violent incidents (British Crime Survey 2009). perhaps then, Sparks et al (1977) are justified in arguing that victimization by assault reduces fear. They explained a negative correlation between victimization and fear by hypothesising that people fear the worst before they have any direct experience with crime, but when they are victimized and are physically unharmed, their anxieties may be alleviated. Furthermore, it has been suggested by Skogan (1987) that the exclusion of non-victims from most of the literature has left unanswered the question of to what extent victims differ from comparable non-victims as a result of that experience. For this reason my dissertation will compare the fears of both victims and non-victims of violent crime.Summary of LiteratureThe literature I have reviewed covers the most relevant concepts on the fear of violent crime put forward by influential academics who have worked within the realms of this discourse. One may argue that due to the sheer abundance of research that has been advanced by leading scholars, a relatively minute project such as mine based on Nottingham university students would prove insignificant. It could also be suggested that the field has been worn hence there isnt any room for further research. Yet it is recognised by the majority of academics that there is always room for further exploration. This is particularly true for investigating the fear of crime as many findings are inconsistent or inconclusive. Girling et al (2000 136) describe fear of crime as a topic that never quite stays still and submits itself for dispassionate examination. My dissertation is therefore relevant as it is a contemporary investigation into an ever-changing topic that focuses on a previously neglected group, university students, in the unexplored context of Nottingham. MethodologyOverviewThere is much debate within the social sciences as to what fear of violent crime actually means and how it should be measured. For example, numerous academics such as Hale (1996) believe it is primarily based on emotions i.e. actually feeling fearful. Other researchers criticise the emotional aspect of fear and maintain that other aspects are more important such as what an individual actually does to combat perceived threats of violence (Garland 2001). Alternatively, cognition i.e. what people perceive to be the risk of victimization has also been measured in previous studies. My research has investigated the complex relationships between the emotional, behavioural and co gnitive aspects discussed. By acknowledging all three elements, fear of violent crime will be measured more accurately (Weaver 2008). Data collection tortuous both quantitative and qualitative manners. Primarily, only fixed surveys (Farrall et al 1997) were going to be used as it would generate a large quantity of results for analysis. However, this method used alone has come under much criticism. It has been argued by leading academics such as Girling et al (2000) and Pain (2000) that the tick-box survey is too blunt an musical instrument on its own to gain understanding of public fear of crime. Taking this into consideration, it was decided that fixed surveys would be used to cover a large pattern of the first year student population in Nottingham. Focus groups would then be used to carefully uncover fears, behaviours and cognitive judgements that arguably do not become evident from analysing questionnaire results. A self-completion, closed tick-box survey was assembled and di stributed to first year students studying a wide range of academic courses at the University of Nottingham. Once surveys had been sinless and returned, demo-to-face discussion groups or focus groups with first year Geography and Law students were then conducted. Collecting quantitative data from the surveys prior to the group discussions enabled the latter to delve deeper into students fears of violence and uncover any behavioural responses that could not be explained in the closed tick-box surveys. Some survey questions have a tendency to perk up socially desirable responses (Farrall et al 2009). These are answers that dont necessarily reflect the respondents real feelings but the one which they feel best fits the image of themselves the image which they wish to show to the person interviewing (Farrall et al 2009 146). As aforementioned, men are particularly likely to give socially desirable responses. Sutton and Farrall (2005) make this point in a review of previous quantitativ e data on fear of crime. They suggest that when answering survey questions aimed at measuring fear of crime, men often suppress the extent of their anxieties. This may have implications for survey results. Furthermore, it is not uncommon for people under the researchers gaze to feel self conscious or threatened (Flowerdew and Martin 1997 129). For these reasons, questionnaires were not conducted face to face but were handed out and returned within a week to a pigeon hole in the University of Nottingham main reception. Sampling MethodsFocussing on first year students at the University of Nottingham placed constraints on possible sampling techniques. The dissertation, ideally, would have an equal number of female and male respondents, and an equal number of students whose domicile residence was in Nottingham and elsewhere. In the pilot test a quota sampling method was adopted. This sampling method was conducted at the University of Nottingham freshers fair. This method encountered pro blems. Firstly, the survey did not result in a 100% response rate. Secondly, it proved almost impossible to find an equal number of respondents whose domicile residence was in Nottingham as those that werent. The final conclusion was to use cluster sampling. Cluster sampling was used as it was deemed to be an appropriate and realistic method of surveying first year university students. Study participants were therefrom recruited through the University of Nottingham. Questionnaires were distributed to the university, with permission, which then handed them out to first year students for completion. As such, all participants met the study requirements. 200 surveys were distributed, 124 of which were returned projecting a 62% response rate. First year geography and law students were recruited for the focus groups by administering voluntary sign up sheets to the University of Nottingham which were then placed in the Geography and Law buildings of the university. Ethical military issu e