Essay on Business Outsourcing - 1599 Words

Outsourcing to foreign shores, or offshoring, is an idea that has long been in practice, yet meets resistance when American business seeks to send jobs overseas. Sending jobs overseas may help a faltering American business keep their doors open and keep more important jobs open for American workers. Outsourcing has been a business practice for hundreds of years. Adopting legislation to curb Offshoring will limit American businesses competitive edge, one that helps small business thrive and grow, and helps big business to plant an American flag in the international business of offshoring. Offshoring began in the industrial revolution, with the advent of advances in transportation and communication. America had successfully entered†¦show more content†¦The U.S. has lost 2 million jobs due to global trade over the past 20 years but in just 10 years has added 35 million new jobs (Kirkpatrick, David 2004). While American businesses are sending jobs overseas, it does not mean that these jobs are for Americans. Many qualified American white-collar workers would not work at the same salaries offered by smaller or start up companies. Many companies are spending less and less on human resources to stay competitive. A typical salary would start at $50,000; add administrative costs, training and benefits and you are at roughly $78,000, a 56% increase on the original estimate (Gambhir, Satnam 2004). A typical outsourced worker would come in at much less than the original estimate of $50,000 Another misconception is that very few quality businesses are involved in outsourcing. Nothing could be farther from the truth, according to Satnam Gambhir, â€Å"In fact, it would be challenging to find a single Fortune 500 company that is not outsourcing any part of its daily business operations to offshore outsourcing firms.† In order to stay competitive in this new business practice, American businesses have to realize that American technology in IT and Telephony and fiber optics directly contributed to the outsourcing boom (Gambhir, Satnam 2004). The myth that offshoring will increase unemployment can be addressed easily; Employment is on the rise according to Global Insight inc. John A. ChallengerShow MoreRelatedOutsourcing : A Business Model1107 Words   |  5 PagesOutsourcing is a business model in which one company provides services for another company for a specified length of time and cost. Outsourcing is a trend is becoming more common in information technology. The primary reason for outsourcing is to reduce IT cost and to get access to a larger pool of specialized expertise. Businesses can focus on core competencies by outsourcing the IT works. The global trends in IT outsourcing (ITO and Business process outsourcing (BPO) suggests strongly that outsourcingRead MoreOutsourcing, Business And The Alignment Of It With Business Processes2015 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract Outsourcing is the notion of the day in today s business world. Outsourcing means to get the product or service on contractual basis from an outside supplier. Now this term is also developing widely in the field of information technology. The small and large scale industries utilise IT outsourcing and business process outsourcing to have the benefits for business like cost reductions, high production and efficient business activities. For the best use of IT outsourcing, there must be wellRead MoreBusiness Process Outsourcing Essay1346 Words   |  6 PagesThe trend in the world of business grows rapidly. Historically, it is difficult to find the best solutions for the common issues in business such as quality, cost and innovation. Nevertheless, business experts have reacted by implementing strategies. One of these strategies is the farming out of services to a third party (Overby 2007), which is called outsourcing .According to The Daily Telegraph (2007), worldwide outsourcing is no w valued at approximately $US4 trillion. Originally, it was thoughtRead MoreEssay on Outsourcing business processes1979 Words   |  8 Pages Outsourcing Business Processes Summary This paper captures the most prominent services and issues associated with todays outsourcing environment. Outsourcing is the modern business term for having other companies accomplish basic business processes rather than doing them inhouse. While outsourcing has always been an important business option, modern technical capabilities are fast making outsourcing a critical requirement in competitive, cost conscious industries. However, our recent experienceRead MoreXerox Is A Leading Business Process Outsourcing1068 Words   |  5 PagesFrame: Overview Xerox is a leading business process outsourcing and document management technology and services firm operating out of 180 countries around the world. In 2014, Xerox reported year end revenues of $19,540 million, down 2.3% from 2013, and a net profit of $969 million, up 17.7% from 2013. Xerox’s operations are broken down in to several main segments: Business Process Outsourcing (BPO): Xerox business process outsourcing services provide support functions such as customer care, transactionRead MoreXerox Is A Leading Business Process Outsourcing1570 Words   |  7 Pages1: Frame: A: Overview Xerox is a leading business process outsourcing and document management technology and services firm operating out of 180 countries around the world. In 2014, Xerox reported year end revenues of $19,540 million, down 2.3% from 2013, and a net profit of $969 million, up 17.7% from 2013. Xerox’s operations are broken down in to several main segments: Business Process Outsourcing (BPO): Xerox business process outsourcing services provide support functions such as customer careRead MoreDisadvantages of Business Process Outsourcing Essay1766 Words   |  8 PagesIn the recent decade, Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) has become a usual business phenomenon from a new business strategy in the bank industry around the world. Banks are increasingly outsourcing more activities to third parties and relying more heavily on vendors now more than ever before. (Deloitte, 2012) The Swiss bank UBS is not an exception. Since UBS set up the UBS India Service Centre in Hyderabad in 2006, parts of its back-office and middle-office functions have been outsourced to lower-costRead MoreXerox Is A Leading Business Process Outsourcing1570 Words   |  7 Pages1: Frame: A: Overview Xerox is a leading business process outsourcing and document management technology and services firm operating out of 180 countries around the world. In 2014, Xerox reported year end revenues of $19,540 million, down 2.3% from 2013, and a net profit of $969 million, up 17.7% from 2013. Xerox’s operations are broken down in to several main segments: Business Process Outsourcing (BPO): Xerox business process outsourcing services provide support functions such as customer careRead MoreBusiness Process Outsourcing ( Bpo ) Industry Essay1677 Words   |  7 Pages3.0 Marketing 3.1 Industry Voxpro is operating in the business process outsourcing (BPO) industry. The BPO sector has several key market drivers the first one being the rising awareness among firms about the advantages of outpouring some of which include cost saving, improved service provision, it allow the company to focus on their main production areas, and it enables the company to partner with skilled manpower (Mello 2014, p. 268). Hence, BPO is a popular sector and very marketable among firmsRead MoreBusiness Process Outsourcing (Bpo)2672 Words   |  11 PagesReport Business process outsourcing (BPO) is a broad term referring to outsourcing in all fields. A BPO differentiates itself by either putting in new technology or applying existing technology in a new way to improve a process. Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) is the delegation of one or more IT-intensive business processes to an external provider that in turn owns, administers and manages the selected process based on defined and measurable performance criteria. Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)

Essay on Business Outsourcing - 1599 Words

Outsourcing to foreign shores, or offshoring, is an idea that has long been in practice, yet meets resistance when American business seeks to send jobs overseas. Sending jobs overseas may help a faltering American business keep their doors open and keep more important jobs open for American workers. Outsourcing has been a business practice for hundreds of years. Adopting legislation to curb Offshoring will limit American businesses competitive edge, one that helps small business thrive and grow, and helps big business to plant an American flag in the international business of offshoring. Offshoring began in the industrial revolution, with the advent of advances in transportation and communication. America had successfully entered†¦show more content†¦The U.S. has lost 2 million jobs due to global trade over the past 20 years but in just 10 years has added 35 million new jobs (Kirkpatrick, David 2004). While American businesses are sending jobs overseas, it does not mean that these jobs are for Americans. Many qualified American white-collar workers would not work at the same salaries offered by smaller or start up companies. Many companies are spending less and less on human resources to stay competitive. A typical salary would start at $50,000; add administrative costs, training and benefits and you are at roughly $78,000, a 56% increase on the original estimate (Gambhir, Satnam 2004). A typical outsourced worker would come in at much less than the original estimate of $50,000 Another misconception is that very few quality businesses are involved in outsourcing. Nothing could be farther from the truth, according to Satnam Gambhir, â€Å"In fact, it would be challenging to find a single Fortune 500 company that is not outsourcing any part of its daily business operations to offshore outsourcing firms.† In order to stay competitive in this new business practice, American businesses have to realize that American technology in IT and Telephony and fiber optics directly contributed to the outsourcing boom (Gambhir, Satnam 2004). The myth that offshoring will increase unemployment can be addressed easily; Employment is on the rise according to Global Insight inc. John A. ChallengerShow MoreRelatedOutsourcing : A Business Model1107 Words   |  5 PagesOutsourcing is a business model in which one company provides services for another company for a specified length of time and cost. Outsourcing is a trend is becoming more common in information technology. The primary reason for outsourcing is to reduce IT cost and to get access to a larger pool of specialized expertise. Businesses can focus on core competencies by outsourcing the IT works. The global trends in IT outsourcing (ITO and Business process outsourcing (BPO) suggests strongly that outsourcingRead MoreOutsourcing, Business And The Alignment Of It With Business Processes2015 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract Outsourcing is the notion of the day in today s business world. Outsourcing means to get the product or service on contractual basis from an outside supplier. Now this term is also developing widely in the field of information technology. The small and large scale industries utilise IT outsourcing and business process outsourcing to have the benefits for business like cost reductions, high production and efficient business activities. For the best use of IT outsourcing, there must be wellRead MoreBusiness Process Outsourcing Essay1346 Words   |  6 PagesThe trend in the world of business grows rapidly. Historically, it is difficult to find the best solutions for the common issues in business such as quality, cost and innovation. Nevertheless, business experts have reacted by implementing strategies. One of these strategies is the farming out of services to a third party (Overby 2007), which is called outsourcing .According to The Daily Telegraph (2007), worldwide outsourcing is no w valued at approximately $US4 trillion. Originally, it was thoughtRead MoreEssay on Outsourcing business processes1979 Words   |  8 Pages Outsourcing Business Processes Summary This paper captures the most prominent services and issues associated with todays outsourcing environment. Outsourcing is the modern business term for having other companies accomplish basic business processes rather than doing them inhouse. While outsourcing has always been an important business option, modern technical capabilities are fast making outsourcing a critical requirement in competitive, cost conscious industries. However, our recent experienceRead MoreXerox Is A Leading Business Process Outsourcing1068 Words   |  5 PagesFrame: Overview Xerox is a leading business process outsourcing and document management technology and services firm operating out of 180 countries around the world. In 2014, Xerox reported year end revenues of $19,540 million, down 2.3% from 2013, and a net profit of $969 million, up 17.7% from 2013. Xerox’s operations are broken down in to several main segments: Business Process Outsourcing (BPO): Xerox business process outsourcing services provide support functions such as customer care, transactionRead MoreXerox Is A Leading Business Process Outsourcing1570 Words   |  7 Pages1: Frame: A: Overview Xerox is a leading business process outsourcing and document management technology and services firm operating out of 180 countries around the world. In 2014, Xerox reported year end revenues of $19,540 million, down 2.3% from 2013, and a net profit of $969 million, up 17.7% from 2013. Xerox’s operations are broken down in to several main segments: Business Process Outsourcing (BPO): Xerox business process outsourcing services provide support functions such as customer careRead MoreDisadvantages of Business Process Outsourcing Essay1766 Words   |  8 PagesIn the recent decade, Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) has become a usual business phenomenon from a new business strategy in the bank industry around the world. Banks are increasingly outsourcing more activities to third parties and relying more heavily on vendors now more than ever before. (Deloitte, 2012) The Swiss bank UBS is not an exception. Since UBS set up the UBS India Service Centre in Hyderabad in 2006, parts of its back-office and middle-office functions have been outsourced to lower-costRead MoreXerox Is A Leading Business Process Outsourcing1570 Words   |  7 Pages1: Frame: A: Overview Xerox is a leading business process outsourcing and document management technology and services firm operating out of 180 countries around the world. In 2014, Xerox reported year end revenues of $19,540 million, down 2.3% from 2013, and a net profit of $969 million, up 17.7% from 2013. Xerox’s operations are broken down in to several main segments: Business Process Outsourcing (BPO): Xerox business process outsourcing services provide support functions such as customer careRead MoreBusiness Process Outsourcing ( Bpo ) Industry Essay1677 Words   |  7 Pages3.0 Marketing 3.1 Industry Voxpro is operating in the business process outsourcing (BPO) industry. The BPO sector has several key market drivers the first one being the rising awareness among firms about the advantages of outpouring some of which include cost saving, improved service provision, it allow the company to focus on their main production areas, and it enables the company to partner with skilled manpower (Mello 2014, p. 268). Hence, BPO is a popular sector and very marketable among firmsRead MoreBusiness Process Outsourcing (Bpo)2672 Words   |  11 PagesReport Business process outsourcing (BPO) is a broad term referring to outsourcing in all fields. A BPO differentiates itself by either putting in new technology or applying existing technology in a new way to improve a process. Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) is the delegation of one or more IT-intensive business processes to an external provider that in turn owns, administers and manages the selected process based on defined and measurable performance criteria. Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)

Essay on Business Outsourcing - 1599 Words

Outsourcing to foreign shores, or offshoring, is an idea that has long been in practice, yet meets resistance when American business seeks to send jobs overseas. Sending jobs overseas may help a faltering American business keep their doors open and keep more important jobs open for American workers. Outsourcing has been a business practice for hundreds of years. Adopting legislation to curb Offshoring will limit American businesses competitive edge, one that helps small business thrive and grow, and helps big business to plant an American flag in the international business of offshoring. Offshoring began in the industrial revolution, with the advent of advances in transportation and communication. America had successfully entered†¦show more content†¦The U.S. has lost 2 million jobs due to global trade over the past 20 years but in just 10 years has added 35 million new jobs (Kirkpatrick, David 2004). While American businesses are sending jobs overseas, it does not mean that these jobs are for Americans. Many qualified American white-collar workers would not work at the same salaries offered by smaller or start up companies. Many companies are spending less and less on human resources to stay competitive. A typical salary would start at $50,000; add administrative costs, training and benefits and you are at roughly $78,000, a 56% increase on the original estimate (Gambhir, Satnam 2004). A typical outsourced worker would come in at much less than the original estimate of $50,000 Another misconception is that very few quality businesses are involved in outsourcing. Nothing could be farther from the truth, according to Satnam Gambhir, â€Å"In fact, it would be challenging to find a single Fortune 500 company that is not outsourcing any part of its daily business operations to offshore outsourcing firms.† In order to stay competitive in this new business practice, American businesses have to realize that American technology in IT and Telephony and fiber optics directly contributed to the outsourcing boom (Gambhir, Satnam 2004). The myth that offshoring will increase unemployment can be addressed easily; Employment is on the rise according to Global Insight inc. John A. ChallengerShow MoreRelatedOutsourcing : A Business Model1107 Words   |  5 PagesOutsourcing is a business model in which one company provides services for another company for a specified length of time and cost. Outsourcing is a trend is becoming more common in information technology. The primary reason for outsourcing is to reduce IT cost and to get access to a larger pool of specialized expertise. Businesses can focus on core competencies by outsourcing the IT works. The global trends in IT outsourcing (ITO and Business process outsourcing (BPO) suggests strongly that outsourcingRead MoreOutsourcing, Business And The Alignment Of It With Business Processes2015 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract Outsourcing is the notion of the day in today s business world. Outsourcing means to get the product or service on contractual basis from an outside supplier. Now this term is also developing widely in the field of information technology. The small and large scale industries utilise IT outsourcing and business process outsourcing to have the benefits for business like cost reductions, high production and efficient business activities. For the best use of IT outsourcing, there must be wellRead MoreBusiness Process Outsourcing Essay1346 Words   |  6 PagesThe trend in the world of business grows rapidly. Historically, it is difficult to find the best solutions for the common issues in business such as quality, cost and innovation. Nevertheless, business experts have reacted by implementing strategies. One of these strategies is the farming out of services to a third party (Overby 2007), which is called outsourcing .According to The Daily Telegraph (2007), worldwide outsourcing is no w valued at approximately $US4 trillion. Originally, it was thoughtRead MoreEssay on Outsourcing business processes1979 Words   |  8 Pages Outsourcing Business Processes Summary This paper captures the most prominent services and issues associated with todays outsourcing environment. Outsourcing is the modern business term for having other companies accomplish basic business processes rather than doing them inhouse. While outsourcing has always been an important business option, modern technical capabilities are fast making outsourcing a critical requirement in competitive, cost conscious industries. However, our recent experienceRead MoreXerox Is A Leading Business Process Outsourcing1068 Words   |  5 PagesFrame: Overview Xerox is a leading business process outsourcing and document management technology and services firm operating out of 180 countries around the world. In 2014, Xerox reported year end revenues of $19,540 million, down 2.3% from 2013, and a net profit of $969 million, up 17.7% from 2013. Xerox’s operations are broken down in to several main segments: Business Process Outsourcing (BPO): Xerox business process outsourcing services provide support functions such as customer care, transactionRead MoreXerox Is A Leading Business Process Outsourcing1570 Words   |  7 Pages1: Frame: A: Overview Xerox is a leading business process outsourcing and document management technology and services firm operating out of 180 countries around the world. In 2014, Xerox reported year end revenues of $19,540 million, down 2.3% from 2013, and a net profit of $969 million, up 17.7% from 2013. Xerox’s operations are broken down in to several main segments: Business Process Outsourcing (BPO): Xerox business process outsourcing services provide support functions such as customer careRead MoreDisadvantages of Business Process Outsourcing Essay1766 Words   |  8 PagesIn the recent decade, Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) has become a usual business phenomenon from a new business strategy in the bank industry around the world. Banks are increasingly outsourcing more activities to third parties and relying more heavily on vendors now more than ever before. (Deloitte, 2012) The Swiss bank UBS is not an exception. Since UBS set up the UBS India Service Centre in Hyderabad in 2006, parts of its back-office and middle-office functions have been outsourced to lower-costRead MoreXerox Is A Leading Business Process Outsourcing1570 Words   |  7 Pages1: Frame: A: Overview Xerox is a leading business process outsourcing and document management technology and services firm operating out of 180 countries around the world. In 2014, Xerox reported year end revenues of $19,540 million, down 2.3% from 2013, and a net profit of $969 million, up 17.7% from 2013. Xerox’s operations are broken down in to several main segments: Business Process Outsourcing (BPO): Xerox business process outsourcing services provide support functions such as customer careRead MoreBusiness Process Outsourcing ( Bpo ) Industry Essay1677 Words   |  7 Pages3.0 Marketing 3.1 Industry Voxpro is operating in the business process outsourcing (BPO) industry. The BPO sector has several key market drivers the first one being the rising awareness among firms about the advantages of outpouring some of which include cost saving, improved service provision, it allow the company to focus on their main production areas, and it enables the company to partner with skilled manpower (Mello 2014, p. 268). Hence, BPO is a popular sector and very marketable among firmsRead MoreBusiness Process Outsourcing (Bpo)2672 Words   |  11 PagesReport Business process outsourcing (BPO) is a broad term referring to outsourcing in all fields. A BPO differentiates itself by either putting in new technology or applying existing technology in a new way to improve a process. Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) is the delegation of one or more IT-intensive business processes to an external provider that in turn owns, administers and manages the selected process based on defined and measurable performance criteria. Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)

The Secret Truth on Essay Papers for Sale Uncovered

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New York Growth Essay Example For Students

New York Growth Essay For a number of reasons, business enterprise in New York grew by leaps andbounds between 1825 and 1860. New Yorks growth between the years 1825 and 1860can be attributed to a number of factors. These include but cannot be limited tothe construction of the Erie Canal, the invention of the telegraph, thedeveloped of the railroads, the establishment of Wall Street and banking, thetextile, shipping, agriculture and newpaper industries, the development of steampower and the use of iron products. On October 26, 1825 the Erie Canal wasopened. The canal immediately became an important commercial route connectingthe East with the Ohio and Mississippi Valleys. With tht time of travel cut toone-third and the cost of shipping freight cut to one-tenthof the previousfigures, commerce via the canal soon made New York City the chief port of theAtlantic. The growing urban population and the contruction of canals, railroadsand factories stimulated the demand for raw materials and food stuffs. In 1836f our-fifths of the tonnage over the Erie Canal came from western New York(North, 105). Much of this cargo was in the form of agriculture goods. Thefarmer become a shrewed businessaman of sorts as he tended to produce whateverproducts would leave him the greatest profit margin. The rise of the dairyindustry was by far the most significant development in the agricultural historyof the state between 1825 and 1860. Farmers discovered that cows were their mostrelliable money-makers, since both the domestic and foreign market keptdemanding more dairy products (Ellis, 273). Price flucuations becameincreasingly important for the farming population between 1825 and 1860. Pricesrose from the low level of the early 1820s until the middle 1830s and thefarmers shared in the general prosperity (271). Although the rapidindustrialization and urbanization of New York had a great deal to do with thesuccess of agricultural markets sporadic demand from aboard as a result of theIrish famine, the Crimean War and the repeal of the Corn Laws in England alsocontributed(North, 141). During this period Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York andVirginia, in that order were the leading wheat growing states. Between the years1840 and 1850 New York ranked first in the production of beef. The absence ofpolitic party differences on issues related to the the growth of democracyexisted in regard to the foremost economic questions, there was absolutely nopartisan division evident in the movement to incorporate new financialinstitutions; rather , the primary factors , which the legislators examined,concerned value, feasibility, profit and the location within the state. Dozensof turnpike proposals, most of which werebacked by the Republicans, passed thelegislature; but the Federalists cooperated, seeing the chance for profits. Prominent Federalists like John Rutherfurd, John Neilson, William Paterson, JohnBayard, and James Parker invested susstanial sums in the turnpike business. There were numerous Republicans who were also vitally interested in the turnpikebusiness (Kass, 150). Bipartisan support also accompanied plans for theconstruction of bridges and canals. All of the parties contained a large numberof adherents from from every level of economic well-being in society. This helpsto expain the absence of any clear-cut party differences on the major economicissues of the such as the chartering of banks, the protestive tariff, internalimprovements, the development of manufacturing, and the promotion of superioragricultural techniques. Each politcal faction had segments both pro and con onmost of these questions, and, inall cases it was opprtunism, the desire forprofits, which was decisive in determining ones political position on theseeconomic issues(175). New Yorks economic growth can also be attributed to theinvention of the cotton gin. Cotton had become a boom crop in the south,however, plantation owners were either too engrossed in the production of the ircrops or too unschooled in business techiniques to handle its distribution. Somejust did not want to be bothered. This opened thee door for agents representingNew York shipping firms who were only too happy to help them out for a fee. .uea199999e5124b938ce7a5d02d97f342 , .uea199999e5124b938ce7a5d02d97f342 .postImageUrl , .uea199999e5124b938ce7a5d02d97f342 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uea199999e5124b938ce7a5d02d97f342 , .uea199999e5124b938ce7a5d02d97f342:hover , .uea199999e5124b938ce7a5d02d97f342:visited , .uea199999e5124b938ce7a5d02d97f342:active { border:0!important; } .uea199999e5124b938ce7a5d02d97f342 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uea199999e5124b938ce7a5d02d97f342 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uea199999e5124b938ce7a5d02d97f342:active , .uea199999e5124b938ce7a5d02d97f342:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uea199999e5124b938ce7a5d02d97f342 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uea199999e5124b938ce7a5d02d97f342 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uea199999e5124b938ce7a5d02d97f342 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uea199999e5124b938ce7a5d02d97f342 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uea199999e5124b938ce7a5d02d97f342:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uea199999e5124b938ce7a5d02d97f342 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uea199999e5124b938ce7a5d02d97f342 .uea199999e5124b938ce7a5d02d97f342-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uea199999e5124b938ce7a5d02d97f342:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Making Room for Improvement EssayThis scheme not only earned the New York merchants a handsome profit but alsosolved the problem that without cotton the ship owner would be hards preesed tofind adequate cargoes for their return voyages. And so it came about that NewYork in the nineteeth century became the nations foremost shipper ofcotton(Allen, 108-109). The cotton shipments entering New York harbor werebrought to textile mills for processing. A group of New york capitalistestashlished the Harmony Cotton Manufacturing Company in Cohoes. A heavyinvestment of capital caused the rapid growth of the factory system, which wasmass production with integration of processes and pr oduced a high quality cottoncloth as well as other textiles(Ellis, 266). This set the scene for anindustrial society by widening the market, manufacturing increased rapidlythroughout this period, although development varied enormously from industry toindustry. Often developments were due to improvements in technical processessuch as the adoption of steam power and the use of anthracite coal instead ofcharcoal by the iron industry. The metallurgical industries emplyed thousandsfor skillful workers who produced a variety of iron and steel products, such asfarm machinery, pistols, sewing machines, clocks and stoves. These products werebeing produced using standard parts and multiple quantities(267). The ironindustry made rapid progress as a result of this processas well as the expansionof the railroad industry which created increased demand for iron products. Itcan therefore be surmized that often growth in a one industry would causeincreased demand for another industrys product, hence the boom of bothindustries. The growth of manufacturing was the main impetus to expansion , theindustrial base broadened during this period, reflecting the overall improvementin factor endowments for manufacturing. Equally important was the cost declinein transportation, which opened up new sites for manufacturing development andreduced transport costs for existing firms (North, 208). Production increasesrequired a retail market. In November of 1858, R.H. Macy established adepartment store in New York City successfully implementing a fixed price policyon a large scale developed by small New York stores since 1840 establishing a nAmerican retail sales custom (Spann, 125). Some additional elements that shouldmentioned include the founding of the New York Tribune by Horace Greely, thedevelopment of the telegraph by Samuel Morse, the colaboration of six New Yorknewspapers who joined to pay telegragh costs of foreign news relayed fromBoston, and the establishment of a New York clearingh ouse to facilitate bankingoperations. Research reveals that the reasons for the success of New Yorksbusiness enterprise between 1825 and 1860 were enumerous with no reasonweighting more heavily than another with the exception of as Ellis states that,Plank roads, railroads, canals, steamships-all had revolutionary effectson the economy of New York. The predominately self-sufficent farmer of pioneerdays was gradually tramnsformed into a specialized commercial farmer sensitiveto every shift in the markets. The isolation of many rural communities wasbreaking down as citzensand goods flowed freely in and out. Merchants in boththe upstae and metropolitan region, recognizing the crucial role of canals andrailroads, looked with satisfaction upon the finest and most actively expandingtransportation network in the country. New York grew steadily in population,wealth, and trade largely to the splendid system of water and railtransportation promoted by its citizens in this period., but allentwi nding to create a boom of business expansion during this period. Itappeared as if we were developing not only as a state but as a civilized nationwhenever this development would be curtailed by the onsloat of a civil war. BibliographyAllen, Oliver E. New York, New York: A History of the Worlds MostExhilarating and Challenging City. New York: Macmillan, 1990. Ellis, David M.,et al. A History of New York State. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1967.

Stay Safe! WordPress Plugin Vulnerabilities, and How to Avoid Them

Are you worried about WordPress plugin vulnerabilities sinking your site? A 2016 survey of hacked website owners by Wordfence found that 55.9% of WordPress websites (whose owners determined the hackers point of entry) were compromised due to plugin vulnerabilities. And that makes sense! Because while WordPress core may be secure, plugins add a wildcard that the WordPress core cant always account for.One of the reasons WordPress is so popular is the freedom it gives users to add any number of functions with the help of plugins. Users get to choose from close to 50,000 plugins available for free in the WordPress plugin repository. And thats not even counting the many third-party free and premium plugins. Scan for WordPress plugin vulnerabilitiesWPScan Vulnerability Database  is a good place to check if any plugin is a security threat. The service lists plugins and their known vulnerabilities. You can look up a plugin by name or filter all plugin vulnerabilities alphabetically. If you catch a given plugin in the list, first check the plugins listing page for an update. If theres no update to patch the vulnerability, you should delete the plugin for the time being if at all possible.Another way to catch these threats in time is to subscribe to paid services like, the aptly named, Plugin Vulnerabilities. Youll gain access to always up-to-date data as these services continuously monitor security threats and hacking attempts. And if youre using a plugin which is at risk, youll receive an email alert about it. Because you get the notification with this service, youre much more likely to be able to act quickly.You can also detect these threats by running a scan on your website from time to time. A plugin like Plugin Vulnerabilities will not only scan all your installed plugins, itll also notify you of the more common security issues.As for the threats that surface subsequently, you can opt to receive alerts. New threats crop up almost on a daily basis as  hackers tr y and target WordPress websites. For that reason, its important that you check for vulnerabilities frequently (or have a service do it for you).Choose the right pluginsNo plugin is 100% safe. But you can significantly reduce  WordPress plugin vulnerabilities by  learning to assess and select quality plugins before installing them. Pick  plugins only from reputed marketplaces like CodeCanyon, the WordPress Plugin repository, or third-party stores that you trust.  The WordPress repository vets each plugin before its available  to the public and CodeCanyon also has its own review system in place.So, what should you check to figure out if a plugin is good to install? Start with:Average user ratings.User reviews.Updates and compatibility.Active installations.Support and documentation.Weve covered analyzing these points in our earlier post,  so Ill skip discussing them in detail here. But you can keep these factors in mind before adding a plugin to your website:If you have the server resources to support it, you can install as many plugins as you want. Whats important is that the plugins are coded well. That being said, one badly coded plugin can bring the website down.An active change log section indicates that the author is supporting the plugin and is responsive to the needs of users. On the other hand, only a few entries in this section may simply mean that the plugin needs no changes or updates.There are hundreds of excellent free WordPress plugins. But keep in mind that premium plugins often have more responsive support and are up-to-date with the latest WordPress versions.Its a good practice to install plugins on a need only basis.Update plugins (and everything else) regularlyOne of the most popular attack vectors for hackers is an out-of-date WordPress plugin. A Sucuri analysis found that three popular out-of-date plugins were the cause of 18% of the hacked WordPress sites they looked at in Q3 2016.(Chart by Visualizer Lite.)In case youre wonderi ng, thats RevSlider, Gravity Forms and Timthumb. Its important to note that the plugin developers patched the vulnerabilities quicklybut enough people didnt update their plugins that the issue still led to a number of hacked sites.Heres the important takeaway:Even if you choose the right plugins to start with, if you dont keep those plugins updatedyoure still at risk.So how can you ensure your plugins are always updated? One way is to look for the update icon in your WordPress dashboard (pictured above). Another way is to enable automatic updates.To enable automatic updates for all or some of your plugins, you can use a free plugin called Easy Updates Manager: Easy Updates Manager Author(s): Easy Updates Manager TeamCurrent Version: 8.1.0Last Updated: October 17, 2019stops-core-theme-and-plugin-updates.8.1.0.zip 96%Ratings 2,544,808Downloads WP 4.6+Requires Additionally, for plugins that you purchase from CodeCanyon, try the free Envato Market plugin to help you automaticall y update the plugins.Delete unwanted pluginsAnother good way to stay safe is to delete inactive plugins that you no longer plan to use. While inactive plugins do not consume RAM, bandwidth or PHP, they do take up server space. And if present in large numbers, they can slow down your site. But the main reason why you shouldnt keep inactive plugins around is that they can be used to run malicious code on your website.Summing things up

Cadbury Marketing Assignment Essays

Cadbury Marketing Assignment Essays Cadbury Marketing Assignment Essay Cadbury Marketing Assignment Essay Essay Topic: Marketing In this assignment, I am trying to discover what a suitable product is for Cadbury to sell to children which are 14 16 years old. The product would have to be a chocolate bar. I have to discover what type of chocolate bar should Cadbury produce and other information which is needed. The method which I used to find out the following information was to first find out what information needed to be discovered. Then I designed a questionnaire to find out most of this information which was required. I wrote down my questionnaire results which I got from questioning twenty 14 16 year old children. I questioned children between aged 14 16 years because this is the age group at which the product is aimed at. I wrote the results down in a data collection sheet which I made for the questionnaire. I then made another questionnaire which was smaller, to discover some more information which needed to be discovered. During this investigation, I have discovered many things about what the product should be like, what the price should the chocolate bar be, how it should be advertised, where it should be sold, what kind of packaging should the chocolate bar have and what type of chocolates do children aged between 14 and 16 years like. The product itself is a chocolate bar. This chocolate bar is aimed at children aged between 14 and 16 years. From my research which I have conducted, I have discovered that children in this age group prefer to eat milk chocolate rather than white or dark chocolate as thirteen out of twenty children preferred milk chocolate. I have also discovered from my questionnaires, that children in this age group like to eat chocolate which has nothing within it. From my second questionnaire, I discovered that the chocolate should be soft and not hard. It should also have a flaky texture and should melt in your mouth. This is also how I came across the name of this product- Dairy Milk Crumbly. I think this name describes the product well and is also a well known and trusted name which from my research is also one of the most favourite brand names in the UK. The price I have set for this product is 45p. This price has been selected after doing two questionnaires. In my first questionnaire I asked about what the 14 16 year olds think the price should be and I also asked this in the second questionnaire. The difference was, that in the second questionnaire, I used relatively smaller price groups to choose from. This price is also similar to prices of other chocolate bars sold in shops. Selling the product at 45p would make a good profit, as it only costs 8-10p to make one bar. From my research, I have also found out how the product should be advertised. From my first questionnaire, I discovered that a child is more likely to find out about a new chocolate bar from the internet. I discovered from my results of the second questionnaire that an overwhelming majority of children within the age group accesses the internet at least 3 days a week, and half access the internet at least five days a week. Using the internet to advertise is very advantageous to Cadbury as they sell their products worldwide. The internet is also worldwide and the adverts would be able reach a large number of children. For their secondary means of advertisement, I suggest that Cadbury use television advertising. But this method of advertising can be disadvantageous as many people do not watch the adverts on TV as they may go to make a drink or get some food. The chocolate bar should be sold in newsagents, supermarkets and to leisure centres. I have also identified a mistake made earlier which is that I asked where someone would go to buy a bar of chocolate. The mistake was that I asked only about buying chocolates singularly but I have now realised that more chocolates are bought from supermarkets as many people buy multi packs of chocolates. The packaging of the chocolate should be brightly coloured as this attracts more people to look at the chocolate when they enter a shop. As they are attracted to the chocolate as they enter, they are more likely to be tempted to buy the chocolate bar. Also the packaging has to be kept airtight to protect the chocolate. The packaging also has to contain information on the weight of the product, its nutritional value, its ingredients and has to separately name the ingredients which may cause allergic reactions.

Phases of the Bacterial Growth Curve

Phases of the Bacterial Growth Curve Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms that most commonly replicate by the asexual process of binary fission. These microbes reproduce rapidly at an exponential rate under favorable conditions. When grown in culture, a predictable pattern of growth in a bacterial population occurs. This pattern can be graphically represented as the number of living cells in a population over time and is known as a bacterial growth curve. Bacterial growth cycles in a growth curve consist of four phases: lag, exponential (log), stationary, and death. Key Takeaways: Bacterial Growth Curve The bacterial growth curve represents the number of live cells in a bacterial population over a period of time.There are four distinct phases of the growth curve: lag, exponential (log), stationary, and death.The initial phase is the lag phase where bacteria are metabolically active but not dividing.The exponential or log phase is a time of exponential growth.In the stationary phase, growth reaches a plateau as the number of dying cells equals the number of dividing cells.The death phase is characterized by an exponential decrease in the number of living cells. Bacteria require certain conditions for growth, and these conditions are not the same for all bacteria. Factors such as oxygen, pH, temperature, and light influence microbial growth. Additional factors include osmotic pressure, atmospheric pressure, and moisture availability. A bacterial populations generation time, or time it takes for a population to double, varies between species and depends on how well growth requirements are met. Phases of the Bacterial Growth Cycle The bacterial growth curve represents the number of living cells in a population over time. Michal Komorniczak/Wikimedia Commons/CC BY-SA 3.0 In nature, bacteria do not experience perfect environmental conditions for growth. As such, the species that populate an environment change over time. In a laboratory, however, optimal conditions can be met by growing bacteria in a closed culture environment. It is under these conditions that the curve pattern of bacterial growth can be observed. The bacterial growth curve represents the number of live cells in a bacterial population over a period of time. Lag Phase: This initial phase is characterized by cellular activity but not growth. A small group of cells are placed in a nutrient rich medium that allows them to synthesize proteins and other molecules necessary for replication. These cells increase in size, but no cell division occurs in the phase.Exponential (Log) Phase: After the lag phase, bacterial cells enter the exponential or log phase. This is the time when the cells are dividing by binary fission and doubling in numbers after each generation time. Metabolic activity is high as DNA, RNA, cell wall components, and other substances necessary for growth are generated for division. It is in this growth phase that antibiotics and disinfectants are most effective as these substances typically target bacteria cell walls or the protein synthesis processes of DNA transcription and RNA translation.Stationary Phase: Eventually, the population growth experienced in the log phase begins to decline as the available nutrients become depl eted and waste products start to accumulate. Bacterial cell growth reaches a plateau, or stationary phase, where the number of dividing cells equal the number of dying cells. This results in no overall population growth. Under the less favorable conditions, competition for nutrients increases and the cells become less metabolically active. Spore forming bacteria produce endospores in this phase and pathogenic bacteria begin to generate substances (virulence factors) that help them survive harsh conditions and consequently cause disease. Death Phase: As nutrients become less available and waste products increase, the number of dying cells continues to rise. In the death phase, the number of living cells decreases exponentially and population growth experiences a sharp decline. As dying cells lyse or break open, they spill their contents into the environment making these nutrients available to other bacteria. This helps spore producing bacteria to survive long enough for spore production. Spores are able to survive the harsh conditions of the death phase and become growing bacteria when placed in an environment that supports life. Bacterial Growth and Oxygen Campylobacter jejuni, shown here, is a microaerophilic organism requiring reduced levels of oxygen. C. jejuni is the bacterium which causes gastroenteritis. Henrik Sorensen/The Image Bank/Getty Images Bacteria, like all living organisms, require an environment that is suitable for growth. This environment must meet several different factors that support bacterial growth. Such factors include oxygen, pH, temperature, and light requirements. Each of these factors may be different for different bacteria and limit the types of microbes that populate a particular environment. Bacteria can be categorized based on their oxygen requirement or tolerance levels. Bacteria that can not survive without oxygen are known as obligate aerobes. These microbes are dependent upon oxygen, as they convert oxygen to energy during cellular respiration. Unlike bacteria that require oxygen, other bacteria can not live in its presence. These microbes are called obligate anaerobes and their metabolic processes for energy production are halted in the presence of oxygen. Other bacteria are facultative anaerobes and can grow with or without oxygen. In the absence of oxygen, they utilize either fermentation or anaerobic respiration for energy production. Aerotolerant anerobes utilize anaerobic respiration but are not harmed in the presence of oxygen. Microaerophilic bacteria require oxygen but only grow where oxygen concentration levels are low. Campylobacter jejuni is an example of a microaerophilic bacterium that lives in the digestive tract of animals and is a major cause of foodborne illness in humans. Bacterial Growth and pH Helicobacter pylori are microaerophilic bacteria found in the stomach. They are neutrophiles that secrete an enzyme that neutralizes stomach acid. Science Picture Co/Getty Images Another important factor for bacterial growth is pH. Acidic environments have pH values that are less that 7, neutral environments have values at or near 7, and basic environments have pH values greater than 7. Bacteria that are acidophiles thrive in areas where the pH is less than 5, with an optimal growth value close to a pH of 3. These microbes can be found in locations such as hot springs and in the human body in acidic areas such as the vagina. The majority of bacteria are neutrophiles and grow best in sites with pH values close to 7. Helicobacter pylori is an example of a neutrophile that lives in the acidic environment of the stomach. This bacterium survives by secreting an enzyme that neutralizes stomach acid in the surrounding area. Alkaliphiles grow optimally at pH ranges between 8 and 10. These microbes thrive in basic environments such as alkaline soils and lakes. Bacterial Growth and Temperature New Zealands Champagne Pool is a hot spring that contains a community of thermophilic and acidophilic microorganisms whose distribution relates to the temperature and chemical environment. Simon Hardenne/Biosphoto/Getty Images Temperature is another important factor for bacterial growth. Bacteria that grow best in cooler environments are called psycrophiles. These microbes prefer temperatures ranging between 4 °C and 25 °C (39 °F and 77 °F). Extreme psycrophiles thrive in temperatures below 0 °C/32 °F and can be found in places such as arctic lakes and deep ocean waters. Bacteria that thrive in moderate temperatures (20-45 °C/68-113 °F) are called mesophiles. These include bacteria that are part of the human microbiome which experience optimum growth at or near body temperature (37 °C/98.6 °F). Thermophiles grow best in hot temperatures (50-80 °C/122-176 °F) and can be found in hot springs and geothermal soils. Bacteria that favor extremely hot temperatures (80 °C-110 °C/122-230 °F) are called hyperthermophiles. Bacterial Growth and Light Cyanobacteria (blue) are photosynthesizing bacteria that are found in most habitats where water is present. Several spores (pink) are also seen. Steve Gschmeissner/Science Photo Library/Getty Images Some bacteria require light for growth. These microbes have light-capturing pigments that are able to gather light energy at certain wavelengths and convert it to chemical energy. Cyanobacteria are examples of photoautotrophs that require light for photosynthesis. These microbes contain the pigment chlorophyll for light absorption and oxygen production through photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria live in both land and aquatic environments and can also exist as phytoplankton living in symbiotic relationships with fungi (lichen), protists, and plants.   Other bacteria, such as purple and green bacteria, do not produce oxygen and utilize sulfide or sulfur for photosynthesis. These bacteria contain bacteriochlorophyll, a pigment capable of absorbing shorter wavelengths of light than chlorophyll. Purple and green bacteria inhabit deep aquatic zones. Sources Jurtshuk, Peter. Bacterial Metabolism. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 1 Jan. 1996, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7919/. Parker, Nina, et al. Microbiology. OpenStax, Rice University, 2017.Preiss, et al. Alkaliphilic Bacteria with Impact on Industrial Applications, Concepts of Early Life Forms, and Bioenergetics of ATP Synthesis. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Frontiers, 10 May 2015, www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2015.00075/full.

Macro-environment challenges of Tesco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Macro-environment challenges of Tesco - Essay Example Tesco launched the different programs to ensure customer satisfaction, and loyalty. During 2006/07, Tesco: launched their Fruit and Veg Pledge - they offered at least five fresh fruit and vegetable products at half price every week during the whole of the year; extended their range ofwhole foods to include an even wider choice of pulses, beans, dried fruit and nuts, breads, oils, cereal bars, breakfast cereals and cooking oils; posted nutritional signpost labelson 6,600 of their own-brand products, making it easier for customers to understand, and ispractical to use; made organic products more affordable, selling them alongside the standard ranges, on the same shelves, instead of in a separate section; increased a range of Value non-food products to make setting up home cheaper; halved the price of energy-efficient light bulbs making them even more cost-effective than traditional light bulbs over their life-span; offered a range of Healthy Living non-food fitness equipment such as skipping ropes, pedometers, exercise bikes and rowing machines to make keeping fit more affordable. Some of the details employed by Tesco on the aspect of effective communication with the customers: Tesco listens to people - It is the largest private sector employer in the UK with over 260,000 staff. The people make Tesco a success and their feedback is very valuable. Tesco listens to suppliers - it takes a partnership approach and believes that open and constructive relationships with suppliers are key to a strong and sustainable supply chain. Tesco listens to communities - Tesco aims to improve the way they consult local communities before building new stores so that they can be sure that they have understood local issues and concerns. (Tesco website) Scenario planning Tesco's... Tesco’s share data sometime showed that there was a sharp increase in the sales of flowers and wine for one week at the start of the summer.   An analysis of their Clubcard data showed that the majority of customers buying these items were families with school age children.   Parents were buying these products for their children to take to school and give to their teacher at the end of term.   With this conclusion, Tesco people were able to ensure that there was a plentiful supply of flowers and wine in their stores at the end of the school term.   Using external research, they found an opportunity to improve the range.   The research told them of a rapidly growing need for Polish & Eastern European products and their growing number of excellent Polish staff helped confirm their beliefs.   As a result of this, they appointed one of their Polish executives who began by listening to customers and held their first ever Polish ‘Customer Question Time’ (in the Polish language) to find out which kinds of products their customers would like to buy.   After talking to Polish customers, they finalized their product selection then sourced the products from a new supplier.Tesco has implemented the in-store TV network in its stores, which is known as the TESCO TV.   Various programs are shown like news and entertainment, as well as promotional information on both Tesco’s own products and suppliers’ branded products.   The suppliers pay to promote their products on TESCO TV as with any advertising medium.  

LEADERSHIP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

LEADERSHIP - Essay Example The scenario is based on the situation where I, as a leader; having conflict with a nurse who does not want to be team player. Based on the scenario three different roles being stated above have been highlighted and discussed in a precise and logical manner. From the Observer’s Point of View Healthcare institutions require people driven by passion and compassion in order to serve the healthcare needs of people. In order to make them think like this, leadership plays an important and crucial role. Being operating as the leader in the healthcare center, it was my role to align sources and resources in a positive manner along with enhancing their capabilities and abilities to make them highly valuable in terms of rendering their services to the society and people. There were a number of people working in the healthcare center based in Los Angeles having different goals and objectives. The goals and objectives of the healthcare center was based on offering high quality healthcare services to the patients along with making them feel cared and better in every sense. The goals and objectives of the healthcare center were communicated to the employees working in the center. However, at times, there were some clashes in the personal and professional goals of employees working in the healthcare center. ... A number of administration related queries were going unheard affecting the functional and operational framework in a significant manner. Even other people in the administration department were observing her behaviour but did not say anything mainly because of his nature and behaviour. The situation became all the more annoying when the operational framework was getting severely affected. There frustrated patients adding to the woes of the healthcare center. The observation part was mainly based on offering chances to that person in order to learn from her mistakes. However, there were not any initiatives being taken by her showing her ill behaviour affecting the entire framework of the center. Based on the behaviour of that nurse, few others started to ignore their work and responsibilities considering the fact that I was not saying anything to the employees even though, their behaviour was not acceptable. The overall change in the behaviour of others along with the change in the be haviour of that nurse started affecting the entire organisational setup in a negative manner. Unprofessional approach started prevailing at the highest level and thus thwarting the overall prospect of the healthcare center growth and development. Within months, there were dissatisfied customers and irregular and unprofessional operational and functional activities that affected the overall growth of employees and the center. I later realised that being a leader, it is important to observe but it is also important to communicate based on the observations. Mere observations did not add any value to the employees and the healthcare center and thus was of no use. Moreover, it crippled the entire operational and functional framework in a negative manner

The Little Mermaid Essay Example for Free

The Little Mermaid Essay The first reason that I like this story is it is different from many other stories that always provide happy ending. Children are impossible to be innocent; we need to know we will face some difficulties in our daily life. If life looks so perfect, that is not life. And we usually can learn more by sad stories, because sadness or tragedy can uplift people’s greatness. After I read this story, I started to discover people live around me, and there are surely someone cries in the invisible corner. It seems that many adults think a child should not see too much sadness in their childhood, they think child’s life should be filled by happiness, however, no matter in which ages, people do have some upset feelings sometimes, so I think there is not a big problem to give kids read sad tales. To realize more, we can have a good start to grow up, because we have already prepared our mental statement. The second reason that I like this story is this fairy tale concludes a concept about gain and giving up. We are making choice in every moment when we are live in earth, we choose to give up something and to gain something, and the purpose is we try to make our gain more than our lost. In this story, the little mermaid uses her sweet voice to change a magic medicine that can give her human’s legs back from the evil witch. Although she thinks she can catch the prince’s heart, she is wrong and only has a chance to live a short happy time with prince for memory. In our student’s life, we also sacrifice our free time to do some we need to complete first. There is a proverb said that â€Å"One cannot make an omelet without breaking eggs. † There is no possibility that will be a present coming to you for no reason from God; we have to make decisions by ourselves, learn to make better decisions, and give ourselves present by our own. Many fairy tales are talking about the prince saves the princess, but â€Å"The Little Mermaid† is not. The little mermaid saves the prince from getting drown, and she choose to lose her life without killing the prince. We can find out that women are also strong as men, not to her powerful strength, but to her firm mind. When people face difficulties, they usually feel scared, and want to escape for sacrificing. But many examples that show women’s determination, such as some women choose to give up her life to born her baby. So we can realize that women will behave strong, when they have to protect their beloved as men. This kind of concept can give us courage and confidence to do things that we think we cannot do at first, although it is just a story, it encourages kids much. Some adults are worried that give children to read sad fairy tales will make kids feel unhappy, but I think this problem is not so serious. By reading those sad stories, we can have more impressive feeling, and start to think what reasons cause these sad endings. I like â€Å"The Little Mermaid†, it let me learn lessons, such as realizing the life is not perfect, making better choices and believing myself to accomplish my own goals. Maybe we cannot fulfill every wish in our short life, but we have tried to live a better life, like a pretty bubble exists. To this aspect, we will not have regrets.

The Dead Kitty in Ode on the Death of a Favorite Cat (Favourite) :: Ode to the Death of a Favorite Cat Essays

The Dead Kitty in Ode on the Death of a Favorite Cat (Favourite) Gray's "Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat, Drowned in a Tub of Gold Fishes" is a story of a curious cat that ends up in Purrgitory (ha ha). Gray uses not only formalistic literary devices, but he also uses dialog. As Gray speaks to the reader, he uses word choice and allusions to convey the correlation between women and cats. Word choice plays a major roll in this poem, due to the fact that it helps set up allusion and other literary devices. Word choice also helps bring out the theme of relating women to cats with such phrases as "The hapless nymph with wonder saw:"(Gray 19) Nymphs are demigods, that are associated with nature and beauty. There is a second reference to nymphs, "No Dolphin came, no Nereid stirr'd:.."(Gray 34) Nereid is a sea nymph. One of the best parts in the poem is when Gray is describing the cat. "Her conscious tail her joy declar'd; The fair round face, the snowy beard, The velvet paws, Her coats, that with the tortoise vies, Her ears of jet, and emerald eyes,"(Gray 7- 11) This is great example of word choice and description. Gray also uses the word choice to create the atmosphere of grandeur. Gray shows this form of word choice when he is describing the flowers in the first stanza, "The azure flowers,†¦"(Gray 3) He could have simply said the blue flowers, but by using this first form he is alluding to something greater. In the second stanza when he is describing the cat, he seems to also be describing women. Gray at this point is talking about how the cat move, especially it's tail. One of the main things that draws people's attention to a women is how they move, cats have the same attribute. Another allusion in the story is dealing with gold objects. "What female's heart can gold despise? What Cat's averse to fish?" (Gray 23-24) This refers to the desire that women have for jewelry and other expensive things. Compared to the desire of the cat for the gold fish. "Their scaly armour's Tyrian hue throughout richest purple to the view betray'd a golden gleam."(Gray 16-18) Gray is making a reference to the city of Tyre, which is famous for making purple dye, which Kings used for their royal colors.

Romeo and Juliet Act 2 Scene 2 Analysis

Romeo replies to Juliet’s speech by agreeing to disown his name â€Å"Henceforth, I never will be Romeo†. Shakespeare implies the danger that the lovers are in when Juliet points out â€Å"the place death, considering who thou art†. This creates tension for the audience, and demonstrates Juliet’s concern for Romeo’s safety – â€Å"If they do see thee, they will murder thee. † Romeo speaks metaphorically when he says â€Å"With love’s light wings did I o’erperch these walls†, suggesting there is no boundary to his love.Romeo claims to find the idea of his death preferable to a life without the love of Juliet, â€Å"My life were better ended by their hate than death prorogued, wanting of thy love. † Juliet admits to be blushing â€Å"the mask of night is on my face, else would a maiden blush bepaint my cheek† and asks, â€Å"Dost thou love me? † She goes on to express concern that she may have be en too forward in her soliloquy asking him to forgive her for her foolishness â€Å"Therefore pardon me, and not impute this yielding to light love†.Romeo declares his love by â€Å"yonder blessed moon† using celestial references. Juliet responds by refusing to allow Romeo to swear by something so changeable â€Å"O swear not by the moon, th’ inconstant moon†. She fears that it is the way their love will be â€Å"Lest that thy love prove likewise variable†. Juliet encourages him to be genuine and to use a less traditional, more spiritual concept of love, reinforcing the idea that she is taking the relationship seriously.Juliet then tries to say goodnight â€Å"Sweet, good night. This bud of love, by summer’s ripening breath, may prove a beauteous flower when next we meet. † She then uses a rhyming couplet, â€Å"as sweet repose and rest come to thy heart as that within my breast. † Romeo expresses his wish to prolong their time together â€Å"O, wilt thou leave me so unsatisfied? † but they part as Juliet’s nurse calls her and they agree to meet again. â€Å"Stay but a little. I will come again† as they make a commitment to each other.Juliet, going against stereotype, suggests that they should marry, â€Å"If that thy bent of love be honorable, thy purpose marriage, send me word tomorrow†. This is very bold and, rather than taking her time as she suggests earlier in the scene, this is because she has realized Romeo has matured and is taking their relationship seriously. Juliet’s promise to Romeo to â€Å"follow thee, my lord, throughout the world† is full of dramatic irony and foreshadows the final scene of the play, when Juliet follows Romeo into death.The nurse calls for Juliet again who uses hyperbole â€Å"A thousand times good night! † which indicates that neither wants to leave and reinforces the message that their meeting must reach a conclusion for now. Juliet says, â€Å"Bondage is hoarse, and may not speak aloud†. This is referring to the fact that the lovers must keep their love quiet and away from the family feud. Later, Juliet uses further hyperbole â€Å"’Tis twenty years till then† implying that it will seem a lifetime until they next meet. At the end of the scene, Juliet says one of her most famous lines â€Å"Parting is such sweet sorrow†.This is a very well known oxymoron and demonstrates that she cannot bear to leave Romeo. The scene ends on several rhyming couplets. In conclusion, this scene demonstrates Romeo and Juliet’s attraction to each other and their desire never to be parted. I feel it is very moving, and poetic albeit surreal that a maiden could be so frank in those times and that a couple could achieve such a depth of love in such a short space of time particularly against such a divide. It also sets the scene for the final tragic sequence ahead.

Market and sales Essay

Keep’s track of stock coming in the business and also the stock going of the business. When Argos buy’s stuff of another company, it is known as purchases, but this is not all way the case. There can be a time when a supplier has bought some stuff of Argos ltd but after few days, the same person returns some of the stuff. This can also be known as stuff coming in the business. The accountants need to make a transaction to show that a supplier has already bought some stock but decides to return some of the stock back. This makes sure that the new stock doesn’t get mixed with the old stock. When the stock in the business decreases, it is the sales manager responsibility is to keep track of the stock†¦ He orders more stock to come in the business, when the old stock gets sold out. When retailers or wholesalers buy products off Argos ltd, they are known as Debtors. The sales manager sends an invoice to the supplier, telling them the amount they owe to Argos ltd. If the supplier cannot repay the amount of money supplier owes, than in his account he will be known as Bad Debt because the supplier might has got bank cropped or sales must have dropped down. Market researcher and the marketing director: The marketing researcher collects and identifies the buying habits, lifestyle, and usage, attitudes of actual and potential customers. Primary and secondary research is done in different way. The primary research has not yet been identified by the business. It is the market researcher job to go out and collect that kind of information from consumers. The advantage of market researcher collecting this information is that the firm which initially collects it will be the only organisation to access it. Primary information will be also used to gain marketing advantages over their rivals. This kind of research is known as a field research. The marketing director as a whole or only the marketing director is responsible for the effective promotion of products. Marketing director main aim is to boost the awareness of a brand that has faded from consumers memories or has been introduced in the market. The marketing researcher is responsible for collecting information about consumers, environment, etc†¦ the information than gets passed on to the marketing director, which analyses how the product is going to be promoted, priced, or even packed to attract consumers to buy the certain type of product. The marketing director has to be aware of how the stuff is being publishing because if the product isn’t successful, the firm can be at a position where the losses on sales can happen. The marketing director will also look at the information collected by the marketing director to take it has a competitive advantage on a any cases. By considering the marketing mix of the products, the firm can be a position to fulfil their marketing objectives. This may include the business raise the Argos ltd sales or the operating profit margin. Effective promotion gets under way all the time to keep customers interested in Argos ltd products. Flyers are published on special events through out the year, such as Valentines Day, mother’s day, and Easter. Point-of-sale and internet sites are also used to let shoppers know what is happening at Argos. Not long ago, the launch of the new Argos advertising promotion, starring Julia Sawalha and Richard E Grant, increased the awareness of new Argos catalogue. It also increased its purchasing rate and improved awareness of the Argos brands. The combination of stores, catalogues, websites and home delivery options makes possible for the customers to choose the shopping experience that suits their particular lifestyle. The marketing director said that â€Å"Argos is one of Britain’s best kept secrets and this advertising is going to engage a whole new audience with the brand†.

Understanding and Using Stipulative Definitions

Understanding and Using Stipulative Definitions A stipulative is a  definition that assigns meaning to a word, sometimes without regard for common usage. The term stipulative definition is often used in a pejorative sense to refer to a definition that appears to be deliberately misleading. Stipulative definitions are also known as Humpty-Dumpty words or legislative definitions. Examples and Observations Michael Ghiselin A lexical definition, such as one that occurs in a dictionary (a lexicon), is a kind of report on how language is used. A stipulative definition proposes (stipulates) that language shall be used in a given way.–Metaphysics and the Origin of Species. SUNY Press, 1997 Trudy Govier Words in a language are public instruments for communication in that language, and a stipulative definition is useful only if it sets out predictable and comprehensible standards of use that are workable for the purpose at hand. If a stipulated definition becomes popular, the word defined in its new sense then becomes part of public language, and it is open to changes and variations in use just as other words are.–A Practical Study of Argument, 7th ed. Wadsworth, 2010 Patrick J. Hurley Stipulative definitions are misused in verbal disputes when one person covertly uses a word in a peculiar way and then proceeds to assume that everyone else uses that word in the same way. Under these circumstances that person is said to be using the word stipulatively. In such cases the assumption that the other person use the word in the same way is rarely justified.–A Concise Introduction to Logic, 11th ed. Wadsworth, 2012 Jon Stratton Stipulative definitions that slant or bias meanings are called persuasive definitions. They are meant to persuade and to manipulate people, not to clarify meaning and encourage communication. Persuasive definitions are sometimes encountered in advertising, political campaigns, and in discussions about moral and political values. For example the definition, A caring mother is one who uses Softness brand disposable diapers, is persuasive because it unfairly stipulates the secondary designation Softness user. The term caring mother is much more significant than that!–Critical Thinking for College Students. Rowman Littlefield, 1999 Use in Literature â€Å"There’s glory for you!† â€Å"I don’t know what you mean by ‘glory,’ Alice said. Humpty Dumpty smiled contemptuously. â€Å"Of course you don’t–till I tell you. I meant ‘there’s a nice knock-down argument for you!’† â€Å"But ‘glory’ doesn’t mean ‘a nice knock-down argument,’† Alice objected. â€Å"When I use a word,† Humpty Dumpty said, in rather a scornful tone, â€Å"it means just what I choose it to mean–neither more nor less.† â€Å"The question is,† said Alice, â€Å"whether you can make words mean so many different things.† â€Å"The question is,† said Humpty Dumpty, â€Å"which is to be master–that’s all.† Alice was too much puzzled to say anything; so after a minute Humpty Dumpty began again. â€Å"They’ve a temper, some of them–particularly verbs, they’re the proudest–adjectives you can do anything with, but not verbs–however, I can manage the whole lot of them! Impenetrability! That’s what I say!† â€Å"Would you tell me, please,† said Alice, â€Å"what that means?† â€Å"Now you talk like a reasonable child,† said Humpty Dumpty, looking very much pleased. â€Å"I meant by ‘impenetrability’ that we’ve had enough of that subject, and it would be just as well if you’d mention what you mean to do next, as I suppose you don’t mean to stop here all the rest of your life.† â€Å"That’s a great deal to make one word mean,† Alice said in a thoughtful tone. â€Å"When I make a word do a lot of work like that,† said Humpty Dumpty, â€Å"I always pay it extra.†Ã¢â‚¬â€œLewis Carroll, Through the Looking-Glass, 1871 Use in Film Nancy: Can you, like, define the meaning of love? Fielding Mellish: What do you... define... its love! I love you! I want you in a way of cherishing your totality and your otherness, and in the sense of a presence, and a being and a whole, coming and going in a room with great fruit, and love of a thing of nature in a sense of not wanting or being jealous of the thing that a person possesses. Nancy: Do you have any gum?–Louise Lasser and Woody Allen in Bananas, 1971

How to Write a Scholarship Essay

How to Write a Scholarship Essay One of the most anxious moments of going through the application process for a college would be the scholarship essay part. Many people aren’t sure of how to write a scholarship essay. The whole idea of entering college is quite intimidating to the recent high school graduate. When determining how to write a scholarship essay, one needs to keep in mind that everyone else writing this essay is also just out of high school, and therefore, everyone else is intimidated by the process as well. College may be intimidating but you’re going into this along with everyone else that’s at the same level as you are. Once you have this firmly entrenched in your mind, you’ll have a much easier time determining how to write a scholarship essay. Remember when you are sitting down and thinking of how to write a scholarship essay that many people have failed at this simply because they didn’t take it seriously enough. It’s that simple. These are individuals that may have been on the top of their schools with great grades and achievements but if they didn’t put their minds on the task at hand then they most likely aren’t even in the running against you. So, sit down and put your mind to the task and determine how to write a scholarship essay. The first thing one needs to do before deciding how to write a scholarship essay is to analyze the essay question and understand the motivating factor behind the ones asking the question. Thoroughly understand the question and what they are asking for in the essay. Figure out if the question requires one to do research on a topic or if this is strictly based upon your own personal analysis on a feeling or subject. Then find out everything you can about the organization that is giving out the scholarships. Who are they and what are they all about, why are they giving out scholarships? Once you have this completely analyzed, you’re already halfway there in figuring out how to write a scholarship essay. Now the next process to go through in determining how to write a scholarship essay is to set your goals for writing the essay. Use your knowledge of the organization that is awarding scholarships to set your goals. You want to present your essay in such a way that it portrays you in a positive light and make them realize that you are such an individual who would highly benefit from a scholarship. Now it’s time to develop the basic theme of your essay. As soon as you begin thinking of how to write a scholarship essay, you may already have the theme in mind. For others, it may not be so clear. This is where the goals you’ve set and all the information you’ve been able to glean from the motivation behind the essay question comes into play. By taking all those factors and studying them, your theme for the essay should become clear. The next step in how to write a scholarship essay would be to create an outline. Some may feel that this is a waste of time, as they prefer to write in a free flowing way. This may be true for some but in most cases an outline will help to tie the whole manuscript in a tightly controlled manner. You’ll be able to present your ideas in the proper order and cover all the important areas. By referring to this outline in the process of writing, you’ll find that you will stay much more organized and focused on the immediate point at that time. Now, the last but most important step in understanding how to write a scholarship essay is to edit and rewrite. This is probably the step that will make or break your scholarship essay. For those who take the time to thoroughly read the essay from front to back and not be afraid to slash, edit and rewrite again and again, their work will be the ones that grab someone’s notice. The key, when you are wondering how to write a scholarship essay, is to spend as much time researching the organization behind the scholarship and the essay question itself as writing it.

The Iconography of Buddha Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Iconography of Buddha - Essay Example Art has been seen as a connecting factor to people sharing the same belief. The Buddhist with their representation of their god sees it an as a unifying factor. Â  The current art vocabularies are trying to adhere to the tradition vocabularies that did not allow for diversity. The vocabularies are trying to define the technical requirements within the art word. The modern art vocabularies are having a problem of getting the right words to describe these art technical terms. Â  Buddha has seen an unlighted being among the Buddhist. In the early years of development of the Buddhist religion, it did divide into different denominations. The different denominations came up with a different representation of Buddha. The imagery representation of Buddha is a man. The man poses some characteristics like having his legs resembling an antelope’s leg. The hands and the legs of the Buddha are webbed, while the hands are touching the knees. The face of the Buddha is represented by a youthful stature. Having a youthful face is to symbolize the ordinary process of the Buddha. The pictorial representation of Buddha was changing with the legs and foots growing long with time. This attribute has stopped changing in the recent times with them remaining the same in pictures. Â  The Bodhisattvas are enlightened beings representation. They have some observable difference with the Buddha-like having some objects carried in their hands. They have a resemblance to the superhuman by having multiple legs and hands, unlike the Buddha that has only a pair of legs and hands. One of the Bodhisattvas made in India was the Kannon which can be depicted as a woman in Japan. Â  Canons are the different laid out rules of art.

Democracy and Commodification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Democracy and Commodification - Essay Example In the context of commodification, services that would be normally under the control of the state came under the control of the private sector, a fact that leads to the increase of cost involved (Giddens and Griffiths 367). Thus, the access to these services becomes more difficult and even, impossible, for a high majority of the population. From this point of view, commodification leads to the limitation of democracy, a political system that is based on equality and fairness in terms of law (Giddens and Griffiths 367). The potential limitation of democracy through commodification can be made understood by referring primarily to the cases of welfare regimes that are based on commodification and those that are not commodified. These cases would show how modern political systems could be related to commodification. Then examples could be provided for showing the relationship between democracy and commodification in practice. Giddens and Griffiths (2006) explain how political systems can be related to commodification: a) the social democratic regime promotes the provision of welfare services for all citizens with no exception, at a universal level (Giddens and Griffiths 367). Scandinavian states, that have this type of regime, are examples of states supporting the non-commodified political system; b) in ‘conservative/ corporatist states, such as France and Germany’ (Giddens and Griffiths 367), welfare services are non-commodified but they are not fully independent from the capital. Indeed, in the above states, the potential of each citizen to access the welfare services is differentiated according to his social status (Giddens and Griffiths 367); c) there is also the case of the liberal states, like United States, where ‘welfare services are fully commodified’ (Giddens and Griffith 367). It should be noted that the use of specific practices, in regard to the management of an economy, does not, necessarily, indicate the commodification of t he local political system (Williams 157). In democracy also, a similar issue would exist. At this point the potential influence of commodification on democracy should be explained using relevant examples. In all states where democratic regimes exist media is commonly used for the promotion of specific political messages. Reference can be made, as an example, to the use of media for supporting a particular legislative text or for persuading the public that a specific political decision, for example the establishment of an area of entertainment, is fully justified in terms of public interest. In regard to this issue, emphasis should be given to the following fact: in most states, media is used for influencing public opinion

Portfolio Report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Portfolio Report - Research Paper Example This information is in accordance with her mother who can remember these problems. The student also is found to have problem with tutoring. Her mother is concerned that her child may have some kind of reading disability because she too had trouble learning in school, but up until now has no evidence or documentation to support this. The student has been known to have some strength is certain areas but weak in other areas. Her strong areas include expressive vocabulary, reading comprehension, oral comprehension, sentence comprehension, and listening comprehension. She is cheery and enthusiastic and loves horses and writing her own stories. She is organized and loves to draw as well as coloring. She has much interest in science. She has been found to have problems with decoding skills, oral reading, reading, writing, math, and numeracy operations. Her academic weaknesses happen despite that she hardly misses her classes. The student is learning within a contusive educational environmental. The teachers are qualified and there are a number of bright students who are ready to assist her. Besides, all the necessary resources are provided. Her general academic achievement is not good. She is relatively poor in math, numeric problems, writing, reading, science, and art. She however seem to love some of these areas. Despite her love for some of the areas or subjects, she ends up performing poorly. Her attention is poor since she makes careless mistakes in school work all the time. She also is not able to stay focused on a task for periods of time that would be expected of peers, which happens all the time. She always avoids school work or homework when possible. She also has difficulty returning to a task when focus has been lost for a short period. Besides, her assignments are ever incomplete. In the case of her selective attention, she does not seem to listen when being spoken to, she is easily distracted by objects,

Relationship Between Inflation And Exchange Rate Economics Essay

Relationship Between Inflation And Exchange Rate Economics Essay Inflation is an increase in the price of a set of goods and services that is representative of the economy as a whole and an exchange rate is the current market price for which one currency can be exchanged for another. If the U.S. exchange rate for the Pakistani Rupee is Rs. 85, this means that one American Dollar can be exchanged for 85 Pakistani Rupees. Different journals give their opinion about relationship between inflation and exchange rate. Now we explain journals views about this relationship:- Haldane (1995)  [1]  present the design of inflation target is linked umbilical to the welfare cost of inflation. Yates (1995)  [2]  the design of many inflation targeting regimes includes specific exception for trouble that are predictable to outcome in momentary price level actions lone. This has been observing that optimal design of inflation depends upon the costs of inflation. Depending on how agents form expectations of future inflation, direct exchange rate effects coming through import prices may result only in price level shifts. This arises perceive that a portion of the observed inflation in the CPI index is the result of changes in import prices that are drives by recent movements in the exchange rate, and they form their expectations of future CPI inflation by looking through or ignoring these effects. Svensson (1997)  [3]  present the objectives of monetary policy which serves to place the choice of exchange rate and inflation targeting. Monetary police can control inflation and exchange rate in the long run. In the short run monetary policy can influence the inflation that have adverse effects. Since central bank control the exchange rate and nominal exchange rate does not have an inherent significant for welfare and economic growth. The choice between an exchange rate target and an explicit inflation target should be seen as the choice between different intermediate targets in order to fulfill the goal for monetary policy. Monetary policy cannot prevent such variability in the real exchange rate. But the negative consequences of such variability can be minimized with an inflation target. Bleaney and Fielding (1999)  [1]  present those developing countries which peg their exchange rate achieve lower inflation. Developing countries face a trade-off choosing exchange rate regime floating the exchange rate allows the authorities greater freedom to respond to exogenous shocks, so that they achieve greater stability of output (and inflation) than under pegged rates, at the expense of higher mean inflation. The hypothesis can be attributed to the inability of developing countries to import the anti-inflation creditability of the advance countries. The widespread adoption of floating exchange rates in the developing world has had a significant cost, with faster inflation than in the typical pegged-rate country. Evans Lyons (1999)  [2]  have used previous data on quotes and transactions to link up the activities of traders and asset prices over several months. They find a strong relationship between customer order flow and the DM/US$ exchange rate. A data set covering customer dealer trading and brokered interdealer trading become available, the order flow picture can be completed. The affects of increasing order-flow transparency may be important: unlike most other financial markets, the FX market is unregulated in this respect. McCarthy (2000)  [1]  finds that the impact of import prices and exchange rate on consumer price index in industrialized countries. The exchange rate has modest affect on domestic price inflation while import prices have a strong affect. This framework is incorporates a distribution chain of prices, has been widely adopted by a number of authors for analyzing the exchange rate pass through for various countries e.g. Leigh and Rossi (2002) for Turkey, Ashok (2002) for south Africa etc. Taylor (2000)  [2]  argued that pass-through is highest when exchange rate changes are perceived to be persistent and prices adjustment because of the expectations of the public. The pass-through will low because of low inflation. The pass-through changes in costs to prices, a decline that is frequently characterized as the reduction in the pricing power of firms. The paper alludes to the relative version pf purchasing power parity, which claims that base of equilibrium exchange rate between the two currencies will be determined by the relative movements in the price levels in the two countries. Change in the exchange rate has positive relation to the higher domestic prices. In this equation, there are E stands for exchange rate in terms of domestic currency per unit of foreign currency. Stands for foreign currency prices of the imported goods and P stands for domestic currency. When marginal cost is constant and markups of prices over costs is also constant than pass-through will be complete. Grauwe (2000)  [1]  analyze the implications of the view for transmission of monetary shocks. Monetary policy has different effects on the exchange rate and the price level depending on the nature of these beliefs. He claims that under the sets of beliefs that dominate the foreign exchange market, the ECB would found it difficult to control the rate of inflation. Odusola and Akinlo (2001)  [2]  present the existence of mixed results on the impacts of the exchange rate depreciation on the output in both medium and long term. The flexible exchange rate system does not necessary to adopt and lead the output expansion in the short-run. The discipline, confidence, creditability on the part of the government is essential. The official exchange rate shocks were followed by increases in prices, money supply and parallel exchange rate. VAR models suggested that the impacts of lending rate and inflation on the output were negative. The output and parallel exchange rate are the major determinants of inflation dynamics in Nigeria. The developments in the official exchange rate generate the positive impacts on the parallel exchange rate. It revealed that lending rate and inflation generated substantial destabilizing the impacts on the output, the monetary authoritys plays and critical role in creating an enabling environment for growth. Choudhri, Faruqee and Hakura (2002)  [3]  examine the performance of open economies all the way through macroeconomic models illumination the exchange rate pass-through in a extensive variety of the prices. He has been used the model based on VAR models and concludes that best-fitting models incorporate a quantity of features painted by diverse strands of the literature: sticky prices, sticky wages, allocation expenditure and a amalgamation of local and manufacturer currency pricing. Bhundia (2002)  [1]  analyzes the quantity to which fluctuations in the so-called exchange rate lead through to customer prices in South Africa. While the regular pass-through is established to be near to the ground, proof from a structural vector auto regression suggests it is much greater for supposed (against genuine) shocks. However, shocks to producer prices tend to have a considerable impact on consumer prices. He also found that pass-through is much higher for nominal rather than real shocks. The Rossi (2002) finds that the pass-through from the exchange rate to domestic prices continues for a year but is more intensive in the first four months, the pass-through to WPI is more pronounced than CPI, forecast of inflation. Rabnal also prove that pass-through to WPI is more pronounced than pass-through CPI. McFarlance (2002)  [2]  present the affects of exchange rate changing on one of the following (1) import export prices (2) consumer prices (3) investment and also (4) trade volumes. The previous study on Jamaica tells that the pass-through on prices and wages are significant. The inflationary impact of exchange rate depreciation in Jamaica has declined in recent years. Pass-through to the CPI is approximately 80% complete six months after initial shocks to the nominal exchange rate for the 1990 to 1995. And than after pass-through is less complete at approximately 45% in the 1996 to 2001 six months after an initial shocks to the nominal exchange rate. In addition to, the pass-through to CPI excluding starchy in agriculture to the CPI over the two sub-samples. The pass- through is approximately 70% in 1990 to 1995 complete six months after an initial shock to the nominal exchange rate. These results show that the speed of the pass-through has slowed significantly in the last five years. This situation shows the lower demand and structural transformation in the Jamaicas economy. Additionally there has been increased competition in the domestic economy: this coupled with the fall in output following the financial crises of the mid to late 1990s would have had an impact on per capita income and hence aggregate demand. Carr and Rebello (2002)  [1]  analyze the feasibility and complication of inflation targeting in the developing countries. There is wealth of econometrics attempting to demonstrate the success of various inflation regimes at decreasing inflation. The success of a county is in low inflation. Taylor (1991) shows the monetary authorities react to other variables besides inflation, such as output and exchange rate. Stylized facts indicate that a common implication of inflation targeting is an appreciating exchange rate due to capital inflows. The exchange rate appreciation is the result of inflation targeting with open capital markets. If prices are set as a markup over costs, than prices will be quite sensitive to changes in the exchange rate. The exchange rate affects the equilibrium of the iso-inflation curve. The increase in capital inflows causes the exchange rate to appreciate. The ultimate rate of inflation depends on the relative affects of the exchange rate, interest rate, a nd output. The inflation rate, exchange rate and interest rate dynamics evolve over time given initial short run equilibrium conditions. Berument and Pasaogullari (2003)  [2]  have reviewed in their study, that there is negative relationship between output and real exchange rate in Turkey. They analyzed that their exist long-term negative relationship between inflation and exchange rate and output. They run different VAR models and estimate the forecast error variance decompositions and impulse responses obtained from the VAR models were examined and they also analyzed the bivariate relationship between the set of the variables of interest. However, from Granger causality test, a significant causality between the variables could not be found. They found that a long-run relationship exists among inflation, exchange rate and output, which led us to employ VAR models. After including different variables in VAR models like real exchange rate, inflation, output, interest rate, capital account and current account real exchange rate movements were proved to be important in the variability of output. They suggest that to limit the detrimental effects of devaluation, the overvaluation of the currency must be prevented, and there is no easy way to keep output costs at moderate levels after devaluation. These finding suggest that an overvalued domestic currency may initially result in increased output but may create the risk of a financial crisis, which, in turn, may cause exchange rate depreciation and subsequent output losses. Carranza and Sanchez (2004)  [1]  explain the pass-through between exchange rate and inflation with the degree of dollarization. They suggest that those countries which have high dollarization demonstrate greater pass-through coefficients. With the use of fifteen samples emerging-market countries with the different degrees of dollarization , they find that pass-through in highly dollarized economies is indeed higher, but it also tend to be more asymmetric than in economies with a lower degree of dollarization. They define that there is negative pass-through coefficient during economic downtime. The reason for this irregularity is the unconstructive balance-sheet result that can lead the constructive competition effect generated by real exchange rate depreciations. Honohan and Lane (2004)  [1]  argued that exchange rate movements have important effects on inflation divergence within the EMU. The inflation rates of euro appreciation (2002-2003) as well as periods of euro depreciation (1999-2001). According to Irish case: in 2003 the pass-through of inflation and exchange rate was already under way and consumer price inflation stopped in its tracks. Inflation fell to zero in response to the strengthening of the euro vis-à  -vis the dollar. There is lagged correlation between Irish CPI inflation and the level of nominal effective exchange rate. They suggest the variety of regressions to exp-lain annual inflation differentials across the Euro zone over the 1999-2001 periods. They found the variations in nominal effective exchange rate movements explaining divergent inflation rate during this period, although the HICP data suggest that this largely operates via the influence of exchange rates on national output gaps. The exchange rate channel i s strongly significant for each of the inflation measures. There is also some evidence of asymmetries in that exchange rate depreciation passes through into inflation more quickly than does exchange rate appreciation. Finally our analysis with quarterly data 1999.1-2004 confirms the powerful connection between exchange rate and inflation. with the passage of time, it should be possible to construct a more complete accounting of the dynamic structure of the relationship between these variables than is possible with only five years of data. Rutasitara (2004)  [2]  explains that Tanzania in 1960s faced the inflation and there has been interest, therefore, in inflation performance and the role of the exchange rate in the process. When inflation rate rise, then erode the value of money holdings, trade flows, investors confidence etc. the controls covered prices (including wages, interest rate, goods prices, and exchange rate) and allocation of domestic credit and foreign exchange, the exchange rate became prominent in the policy debate on the internal and external imbalances. Until then, the parallel exchange rate had an upper hand on the rate of inflation compared with the official exchange rate. The impact of foreign prices and exchange rate depends upon existing pricing arrangements, which in Tanzania have ranged from controls to markets. While a more or less stable nominal exchange rate is desirable for trade and investment decisions, it is more important to maintain the rate at sustainable levels. The level and pr ospects of the foreign reserves position are important in this respect. The exchange rate remains precariously sensitive and easily vulnerable to exogenous shocks, domestic economic factors, and non-economic events like social and political instability that may generate a desire to shift financial assets into a foreign currency considered to be more secure. Bleaney and Francisco (2004)  [1]  define that if the monetary authorities adopt an accommodatory stance by allowing the money supply to respond more to the price shock, then inflation will be more persistence. Smith (1991), Alogoskoufis (1992) and Obstfeld (1995) compare persistence estimates for OECD countries over different periods characterized by different exchange rate regimes. When monetary authorities in the OECD countries began to recognize that a tough response to inflation shocks was necessary to keep inflationary expectations down. Our results show that inflation persistence is much the same under soft pegs as under floating. It is significantly lower under hard pegs (currency boards or a shared currency), where the scope for monetary accommodation of inflation shocks is much reduced. Adolfson (2004)  [1]  suggest that the pass-through from exchange rate changes to prices in Swedish currency of imported goods is discussed as well as conceivable reasons for why these changes are not passed through completely in the short-run. The inflation rate in Sweden had recently been low. inflation = weight x domestic inflation +(1-weight ) x imported inflation Where weight is domestic inflations share of total inflation. As a result, conditions in Sweden will also affect imported inflation, not only via the exchange rate but also through an impact on foreign exporters prices for Swedish importers. The relative significance of the exchange rate and world market prices for Swedish import prices is difficult to determine, however, since it is rare that data is available that would enable a comparison of the price of a certain product in the Swedish market. Rather, the recent fall in import prices seems to be largely attributable to exchange rate developments. T5hus in the short-run, the pass-through from exchange rate changes to Swedish import prices appear to be limited. There is weak relationship between exchange arte and prices in the foreign market. Bailliu and Fujii (2004)  [2]  argued that credible monetary policy play an important role to decrease the inflation in industrialized countries. Many industrialized countries that the extant of pass-through of exchange rate into buyer prices has turned down. They argued that ERPT is primarily a function of the persistence of exchange rate and price shocks, which tend to be reduced in an environment where inflation is low and monetary policy is more credible. Using the data of 11 developed countries more than the period from 1977-2001, they evidence to support the hypothesis that EPRT declines with a shift to a low-inflation surroundings bring about by modify in the financial policy control. The consequence proposes that pass-through to import; manufacturer and consumer price inflation reduces following the inflation stabilization that occurred in most of the developed countries in the early 1990s. Ruiz (2005)  [1]  in this study describes the effects of inflation and exchange rate uncertainty on the rate of real economic activity.  He explains in his literature that these two issues and discrete issues.  Note whether the frequency of inflation or the frequency of exchange rates on economic growth in the various actions or financial activity.  In this paper, the author tries to address these issues by analyzing the size and direction of the effect of: inflation and the frequency in the exchange rate on real economic activity.  Through the introduction of dummy variables and control of monetary policy change (change of inflation targeting and flexible exchange rate).   Autoregressive using a variety of conditional (GARCH) rates of inflation and exchange rates, and predictive models obtained conditional variance errors and measures of uncertainty.  The study results indicate that the increase in the higher level of uncertainty, causing inflation farms, and vice ve rsa for the Colombian economy.  In addition, the issue of inflation just to get out of the frequency of negative impact. Goldstein and Lardy (2005)  [2]  define as the weight of emerging economies in the global economy has increased. This is particularly the case with chinas exchange rate policy since it is now the worlds third largest importer and fourth largest exporter. Thus, any adjustment of Chinas exchange rate regime will have to maintain most existing capital controls until the domestic banks are further strengthened. China could simultaneously and immediately remove the restrictions on capital flows and let the market determine value of the RMB. The constraints mean the search is for second-best policy options. International codes of conduct for exchange rate policy are no less necessary than those for trade policy; without them, there can be a free-for-all that is in no ones interest, least of all the emerging economies that depend so heavily on access to international markets. Currency manipulation is not a narrow academic issue, akin to how many angels can fit on the head of a pin. It i s instead a legitimate practical concern in establishing a level international playing field. Grauwe (2005)  [1]  gives their views on the relationship between inflation and exchange rate that exchange rate regime and inflation is that pegged exchange rate contribute to lower and more stable inflation. The exchange rate fixity does not reduce economic growth in the South Eastern and Central European countries. In countries, with strong institutional framework (based on central bank independence and developed money markets), low inflation can be achieved without any specific commitment to an explicit exchange rate target. In large (closed) economies, inflation targets-which imply freely floating exchange rates-will not affect the volatility of inflation. On the contrary, by fixing exchange rates to the euro, the countries at the EMU periphery can reap the benefits of more trade and lower interest rates. The view that entry into the euro area will constrain the growth potential is not warranted. The evidence also shows that for these small, open economies, stabilizing excha nge rates has been a source of macroeconomic stability. The Mundell framework seems to be the right one to use in thinking about the desirability of joining the euro area. The risk of to join the EMU will be particularly strong, if labor marker flexibility is low. Vargas (2005)  [1]  explains monetary policy in Colombia converged to a pure, full-fledged inflation-targeting strategy after the abandonment of exchange rate bands in 1999. Colombia had experienced moderate inflation (15-30 percent annual rates) for about 20 years and a crawling-peg regime with capital controls had been in place since 1967. In the context of a monetary policy strategy based on the use of intermediate monetary targets. Thus, a floating regime was established and monetary policy converged to a full-fledged inflation-targeting framework. Monetary and foreign exchange policy had two main initial objectives. The first was to continue gradual disinflation toward its long-term target and the second was to restore international reserves to levels that would limit the external vulnerability of the economy. Starting from a deep recession, the policy stance has been expansionary. Inflation has declined along decreasing targets, output has recovered and international reserv es have reached levels that limit the external vulnerability of the economy. The most convincing hypothesis about the rationale for intervention in Colombia is the argument in favor of managed floating. Thus, fiscal imbalances pose a threat to the credibility and power of monetary policy through several political economy channels. Angkinand and Willet (2006)  [2]  Studying the effects of the choice of exchange rate regimes on the likelihood of financial crisis in a sample of a very talented market and developing countries for the period 1990-2003.  It is a multi-channel testing of potential impacts of exchange rate regimes to crises.  They found that soft Pegs associated with other central systems with high potential economic crises of the regulation reform difficult corner and rates are very flexible, and partly because it seems to be associated with more loans in foreign currency are not protected and extension  extreme credit of the Interior.  Also affect the test through the channel of the monetary crises caused by the strong relationship between monetary and financial crises, and between the soft Pegs and monetary crisis.  These effects are much stronger in the market, the increase in developing countries. Allsopp, Kara and Nelson (2006)  [1]  define the United Kingdoms monetary policy strategy can be characterized as one of floating exchange rates and inflation forecast targeting. The specification of exchange rate and inflation relationship implied by standard New Keynesian models, which postulate that imports serve as finished consumer goods, is inconsistent with the U.K empirical evidence. It is a well-known principle in the New Keynesian literature that the index whose inflation rate is targeted should refer to the set of prices which are sticky and which prevent the instantaneous achievement of the flexible-price equilibrium. The broader policy implications arise from the way in which openness is modeled and the way in which exchange rate changes impact on inflation. In the standard model, there is a direct and immediate effect on the price of imported consumer goods, which then impacts directly on inflation. When imports are intermediate goods, following the specification us ed and recommended by McCallum and Nelson (1999), the U.K. evidence can be reconciled with optimizing theory. In particular, the weak relationship observed between consumer price inflation and exchange-rate changes, despite strong rates of pass-through, can be rationalized. Furthermore, this modeling strategy implies that it is appropriate to target consumer price inflation. Monetary policy regimes do matter for the exchange rate/inflation relationship, but not in the manner argued in the literature. Several studies have appealed to the role of monetary policy regime in blocking the pass-through of exchange-rate movements to imported goods prices. The U.K. evidence instead is consistent with substantial pass-through to import prices across regimes. Adjustment of the relative price of imports is often a desirable response to real shocks hitting the economy. To some extent, this adjustment may be facilitated by permitting a one-time rise in the aggregate price level even if at the cos t of inflation temporarily moving away from the target. The U.K. experience under inflation targeting, however, suggests that only minor deviations of inflation from target would be required for this purpose. the exchange rate should be taken into account only via their influence on the forecast for consumer price inflation are open to the criticism that standard models suggest that consumer prices constitute too broad an index to target, and that the imported component should be removed from the targeted inflation rate. A properly-measured output gap (i.e. one which takes into account the negative impact on potential output of a higher real cost of imports) is an adequate summary of the implications of exchange-rate movements for welfare. Edwards (2006)  [1]  says that in many countries the nominal exchange rate is often used as a means of curb inflation.  Currency crisis are common, and usually the result of acute (Real Madrid), excessive exchange rate. It affects inflation, exports, imports and economic activity. For decades the vast majority of emerging countries had rigid exchange rate regimes. This move away from exchange rate rigidity has tended to take place at the same time as many countries have embraced inflation targeting as a way of conducting monetary policy. The conjunction of IT and flexible rates has brought to the center of the discussion a host of new policy issues, including issues related to the role of the exchange rate in monetary policy, volatility and the relationship between exchange rate changes and inflation. He addressed three of this issues: (a) the relationship between the pass-through and the effectiveness of nominal exchange rates in IT regimes; (b) the effects of IT on exchange r ate volatility; and (c) the role (or potential role) of exchange rate changes on the monetary rule in IT countries. Countries that have adopted IT have experienced a declined in the pas-through from exchange rate changes to inflation. In many of the countries in the sample this decline in the pass-through has been different from CPI inflation than for PPI inflation. The adoption of IT monetary policy procedures has not resulted in an increase in (nominal or real) exchange rate volatility. there is some evidence that IT countries with a history of high an unstable inflation tend to take into account explicitly developments in the nominal exchange rate when conducting monetary policy. Kamin (2006)  [1]  Describes the comparative research between the response to changes in inflation rates in competitive exchange rates in various regions of the world.  The report shows that the empirical relationship between inflation and the level of real exchange rate, which has been documented in Mexico earlier research by the author, covering a wide range of other countries.  This can be a dilemma for policy makers because it means you cannot lower inflation and increase the competitiveness of exports access to the same time.  In response to the inflation of the real exchange rate is much higher in Latin America, Asia or in industrialized countries.  This difference in the responsiveness of inflation is not a full explanation of the date of inflation or the degree of openness to foreign trade.  It may be less sensitive to inflation, real exchange rate in Asia than in Latin America is going to allow Asian countries continues to focus on always maintaining competitiv eness and export growth.<